Integrated Science / Edition 6

by Frederick C Ross, Eldon Enger, Bill W Tillery

Overview

Integrated Science, Sixth Edition is a straightforward, easy-to-read, yet substantial introduction to the fundamental behavior of matter and energy in living and nonliving systems. The authors provide even, well-integrated coverage of physics, chemistry, earth science, astronomy, and biology. The text’s pedagogy (chapter outlines, core concept maps, and overviews) reveals how the science disciplines are interrelated and integrated throughout the text.

This edition continues to introduce basic concepts and key ideas while providing opportunities for students to learn reasoning skills and a new way of thinking about their environment. Additional content has been added to this edition, including a discussion of “Scientific Communication” to chapter 1, “Simple Machines” to chapter 3, and “efficiency” to chapter 4.

The book is intended to serve the needs of non-science majors who are required to complete one or more science courses as part of a general or basic studies requirement. No prior work in science is assumed. The language, as well as the mathematics, is as simple as can be practical for a college-level science course.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780073512259
Publisher:	McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Publication date:	01/20/2012
Pages:	784
Product dimensions:	8.90(w) x 10.70(h) x 1.10(d)

About the Author

Frederick C. Ross received his B.S. and M.S. from Wayne State University. He is professor emeritus of biology at Delta College and has 30 years' teaching experience, including junior and senior high school, during which he has taught biology, cell biology and biological chemistry, microbiology, environmental science, and zoology. Professor Ross has been active in curriculum and course development, including the development of courses in infection control and microbiology, AIDS and infectious diseases, and a PBS ScienceLine course for elementary and secondary education majors in cooperation with Central Michigan University. Professor Ross was involved in the development of the wastewater microbiology technician curriculum offered by Delta College and was actively involved in the National Task Force of Two Year College Biologists (American Institute of Biological Sciences) and in the National Science Foundation College Science Improvement Program.
Eldon D. Enger received a B.A. and an M.S. from the University of Michigan. He is professor emeritus of biology at Delta College, where he taught biology, zoology, and environmental science and was active in curriculum and course development. Professor Enger is an advocate for variety in teaching methodology and feels that if students are provided with varied experiences, they are more likely to learn. Professor Enger's classes include writing assignments, student presentation of lecture material, debates by students on controversial issues, field experiences, individual student projects, and discussions of local examples and relevant current events. Professor Enger was a Fulbright Exchange Teacher to Australia and Scotland, received the Bergstein Award for Teaching Excellence and the Scholarly Achievement Award from Delta College, and participated as a volunteer in Earthwatch Research Programs.
Bill W. Tillery earned a B.A. at Northeastern State University and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Northern Colorado. He is professor emeritus of physics at Arizona State University. Dr. Tillery served as director of the Science and Mathematics Teaching Center at the University of Wyoming and as an assistant professor at Florida State University. Dr. Tillery was honored as Outstanding University Educator at the University of Wyoming and was elected Outstanding Teacher in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Arizona State University. Dr. Tillery has taught a variety of courses, including general education courses in science and society, physical science, and introduction to physics. He has received more than 40 grants from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Office of Education, private industry, and private foundations for science curriculum development and science teacher in-service training.

Table of Contents

1 What Is Science?
Objects and Properties
Quantifying Properties
Measurement Systems
A Closer Look: The Measurement Process
Standard Units for the Metric System
Length
Mass
Time
Metric Prefixes
A Closer Look: The Leap Second
Understanding from Measurements
Data
Ratios and Generalizations
The Density Ratio
Symbols and Equations
The Nature of Science
The Scientific Method
Explanations and Investigations
Scientific Laws
Models and Theories
Science, Nonscience, and Pseudoscience
From Experimentation to Application
Science and Nonscience
Pseudoscience
Limitations of Science
2 Motion
Describing Motion
Measuring Motion
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Forces
Horizontal Motion on Land
Falling Objects
A Closer Look: A Bicycle Racer's Edge
Compound Motion
Vertical Projectiles
Horizontal Projectiles
Laws of Motion
Newton's First Law of Motion
Newton's Second Law of Motion
Weight and Mass
Newton's Third Law of Motion
Momentum
Conservation of Momentum
Impulse
Forces and Circular Motion
Newton's Law of Gravitation
A Closer Look: Space Station Weightlessness
3 Energy
Work
Units of Work
Power
Motion, Position, and Energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Energy Flow
Energy Forms
Energy Conversion
Energy Conservation
Energy Transfer
Energy Sources Today
Petroleum
Coal
Moving Water
Nuclear
Energy Tomorrow
Solar Technologies
Geothermal Energy
Hydrogen
4 Heat and Temperature
The Kinetic MolecularTheory
Molecules
Molecules Interact
Phases of Matter
Molecules Move
Temperature
Thermometers
Thermometer Scales
Heat
Heat as Energy Transfer
Measures of Heat
Specific Heat
Heat Flow
Energy, Heat, and Molecular Theory
Phase Change
A Closer Look: Passive Solar Design
Evaporation and Condensation
Relative Humidity
Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law and Natural Processes
5 Wave Motions and Sound
Forces and Elastic Materials
Forces and Vibrations
Describing Vibrations
Waves
Kinds of Waves
Waves in Air
Hearing Waves in Air
A Closer Look: Ultrasonics
Describing Waves
Sound Waves
Velocity of Sound in Air
Refraction and Reflection
Interference
Energy and Sound
Loudness
Resonance
Sources of Sounds
Vibrating Strings
Sounds from Moving Sources
6 Electricity
Electric Charge
Measuring Electrical Charge
Measuring Electrical Force
Electric Current
Resistance
AC and DC
A Closer Look: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Electric Circuit
Electrical Power and Work
A Closer Look: Household Circuits and Safety
Magnetism
Moving Charges and Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Fields Interact
A Moving Magnet Produces an Electric Field
A Closer Look: Solar Cells
7 Light
Sources of Light
Properties of Light
Light Interacts with Matter
Reflection
Refraction
A Closer Look: Optics
Dispersion and Color
Evidence for Waves
Interference
A Closer Look: The Rainbow
Polarization
Evidence for Particles
Photoelectric Effect
Quantization of Energy
A Closer Look: The Compact Disc (CD)
The Present Theory
8 Atoms and Periodic Properties
Atomic Structure Discovered
Discovery of the Electron
The Nucleus
The Bohr Model
The Quantum Concept
Atomic Spectra
Bohr's Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Electron Configuration
The Periodic Table
A Closer Look: The Rare Earths
Metals, Nonmetals, and Semiconductors
9 Chemical Reactions
Compounds
Elements
Chemical Change
Valence Electrons and Ions
Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
A Closer Look: Name That Compound
Composition of Compounds
A Closer Look: How To Write a Chemical Formula
Chemical Equations
A Closer Look: On Balancing Equations
Types of Chemical Reactions
Combination Reactions
Decomposition Reactions
Replacement Reactions
Ion Exchange Reactions
10 Water and Solutions
Household Water
Properties of Water
Structure of the Water Molecule
The Dissolving Process
Concentration of Solutions
Solubility
Properties of Water Solutions
Electrolytes
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Acids, Bases, and Salts
Properties of Acids and Bases
Explaining Acid-Base Properties
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
The pH Scale
Properties of Salts
Hard and Soft Water
A Closer Look: Acid Rain
11 Nuclear Reactions
Natural Radioactivity
A Closer Look: Madame Curie
Nuclear Equations
The Nature of the Nucleus
Types of Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Decay Series
A Closer Look: How is Half-Life Determined?
Measurement of Radiation
Measurement Methods
Radiation Units
Radiation Exposure
Nuclear Energy
A Closer Look: Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Power Plants
Nuclear Fusion
A Closer Look: Three Mile Island and Chernobyl
A Closer Look: Nuclear Waste
12 The Universe
The Night Sky
Origin of Stars
Brightness of Stars
Star Temperature
Star Types
The Life of a Star
Galaxies
The Milky Way Galaxy
Other Galaxies
The Life of a Galaxy
A Closer Look: Extraterrestrials?
A Closer Look: Red Shift and Hubble's Law
A Closer Look: Dark Matter
13 The Solar System
The Planets, Moons, and Other Bodies
Mercury
Venus
Earth’s Moon
Mars
Jupiter
A Closer Look: Planets and Astrology
Saturn
Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
Small Bodies of the Solar System
Comets
Asteroids
Meteors and Meteorites
A Closer Look: Strange Meteorites
Origin of the Solar System
14 Earth in Space
Shape and Size of Earth
A Closer Look: The Celestial Sphere
Motions of Earth
Revolution
Rotation
Precession
Place and Time
Identifying Place
Measuring Time
The Earth-Moon System
Phases of the Moon
Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
Tides
15 The Earth
Earth Materials
Minerals
A Closer Look: Asbestos
Rocks
The Rock Cycle
The Earth's Interior
The Crust
The Mantle
The Core
A More Detailed Structure
Plate Tectonics
Evidence from Earth's Magnetic Field
Evidence from the Ocean
Lithosphere Plates and Boundaries
A Closer Look: Seismic Topography
Present-day Understandings
A Closer Look: Measuring Plate Movement
16 The Earth's Surface
Interpreting Earth's Surface
Processes That Build Up the Surface
Stress and Strain
Folding
Faulting
Earthquakes
Origin of the Mountains
A Closer Look: Volcanoes Change the World
Processes that Tear Down the Surface
Weathering
Erosion
17 Earth's Weather
The Atmosphere
Composition of the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Pressure
Warming the Atmosphere
Structure of the Atmosphere
The Winds
Local Wind Patterns
A Closer Look: Hole in the Ozone Layer?
A Closer Look: The Wind Chill Factor
Global Wind Patterns
Water and the Atmosphere
Evaporation and Condensation
Fog and Clouds
Precipitation
Weather Producers
Air Masses
Weather Fronts
Waves and Cyclones
Major Storms
Weather Forecasting
Climate
Major Climate Groups
Regional Climate Influence
A Closer Look: El Nino and La Nina
18 Earth's Waters
Water on the Earth
Freshwater
Surface Water
Groundwater
Freshwater as a Resource
A Closer Look: Wastewater Treatment
Seawater
Oceans and Seas
The Nature of Seawater
Movement of Seawater
A Closer Look: Estuary Pollution
A Closer Look: Key Forecasting Tool for the Chesapeake Bay
The Ocean Floor
19 Organic and Biochemistry
Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons
Alkenes and Alkynes
Cycloalkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Petroleum
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Alcohols
Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
Organic Acids and Esters
Organic Compounds of Life
Carbohydrates
Proteins
A Closer Look: Some Interesting Amino Acid Information
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
A Closer Look: Omega Fatty Acids and Your Diet
A Closer Look: Fat and Your Diet
Synthetic Polymers
20 The Nature of Living Things
Characteristics of Life
The Cell Theory
Cell Membranes
Getting Through Membranes
Diffusion
Osmosis
Controlled Methods of Transporting Molecules
Organelles Composed of Membranes
Respiration and Photosynthesis
The Energy Transfer Molecules of Living Things – ATP
A Closer Look: What and How Enzymes Work
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Nonmembranous Organelles
Nuclear Components
Major Cell Types
The Prokaryotic Cell Structure
The Eukaryotic Cell Structure
A Closer Look: Antibiotics and Cell Structural Differences
The Importance of Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
A Closer Look: Stem Cells
The Stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
21 The Origin and Evolution of Life
Early Attempts to Understand the Origin of Life
Current Thinking About the Origin of Life
Extraterrestrial Origin for Life on Earth
Earth Origin for Life on Earth
Meeting Metabolic Needs — Heterotrophs or Autotrophs
The Heterotroph Hypothesis
The Autotroph Hypothesis
Reproduction and the Origin of Genetic Material
Major Events in the Early Evolution of Living Things
The Development of an Oxidizing Atmosphere
The Establishment of Three Major Domains of Life
From Prokaryotic to Eukaryotic Cells
The Role of Natural Selection in Evolution
A Closer Look: The Voyage of HMS Beagle 1831-1836
What Influences Natural Selection?
Genetic Diversity Resulting from Mutation
Genetic Diversity Resulting from Sexual Reproduction
Acquired Characteristics Do Not Influence Natural Selection
Processes That Drive Natural Selection
Differential Survival
Differential Reproductive Rates
Differential Mate Selection
The Hardy-Weinberg Concept
A Closer Look: The Development of New Viral Diseases
Accumulating Evidence of Evolution
A Closer Look: Human-Designed Organisms
Species: A Working Definition
A Closer Look: Is the Red Wolf a Species?
How New Species Originate
The History of the Development of Evolutionary Thought
The Tentative Nature of the Evolutionary History of Organisms
22 The History of Life on Earth
Geologic Time
Early Attempts at Earth Dating
Modern Techniques for Determining the Age of the Earth
Arranging Events in Order
Geologic Time and the Fossil Record
Early Ideas About Fossils
Types of Fossils
Using Fossils to Determine the Order of Geologic Events
A Closer Look: What is Carbon-14 Dating?
The Geologic Time Scale
Paleontology, Archaeology, and Human Evolution
The Australopiths
A Closer Look: Neanderthals Were Probably a Different Species
The Genus Homo
The Origin of Homo sapiens
The Classification of Organisms
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
A Brief Survey of Biodiversity
Domains Archaea and Eubacteria
Domain Eucarya
A Closer Look: The World’s Oldest and Largest Living Organisms
Acellular Infectious Particles
Viruses
Viroids: Infectious RNA
Prions: Infectious Proteins
23 Ecology and Environment
A Definition of Environment
The Organization of Ecological Systems
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Community Interactions
Types of Terrestrial Communities
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Grassland or Prairie
Savanna
Desert
Boreal Forest
Temperate Rainforest
Tundra
Tropical Rainforest
Types of Aquatic Communities
Marine Communities
Freshwater Communities
Estuaries
Community, Habitat, and Niche
Kinds of Organism Interactions
Predation
Parasitism
A Closer Look: The Importance of Habitat Size
Commensalism
Mutualism
Competition
The Cycling of Materials in Ecosystems
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
A Closer Look: Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming
The Phosphorus Cycle
Population Characteristics
The Population Growth Curve
Population-Size Limitations
Limiting Factors to Human Population Growth
Human Population Growth and the Global Ecosystem
24 Human Biology: Materials Exchange and Control Mechanisms
Exchanging Materials: Basic Principles
Transporting Materials: The Circulatory System
The Nature of Blood
The Heart
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
Skin: The Body’s Container
The Structure of the Skin
Other Features of the Skin
Exchanging Gases: The Respiratory System
Obtaining Nutrients: The Digestive System
Mechanical and Chemical Processing
A Closer Look: Cigarette Smoking and Your Health
Nutrient Uptake
Nutrition
Kinds of Nutrients
Guidelines for Obtaining Adequate Nutrients
Eating Disorders
A Closer Look: The Dynamic Skeleton
Deficiency Dieseases
A Closer Look: Nutritional Needs Associated with Pregnancy and Lactation
Waste Disposal: The Excretory System
Control Mechanisms
The Structure of the Nervous System
The Nature of the Nerve Impulse
Activities at the Synapse
Endocrine System Function
Sensory Input
Chemical Detection
Light Detection
Sound Detection
Touch
Output Mechanisms
Muscles
Glands
A Closer Look: Which Type of Exercise Do You Do?
Growth Responses
25 Human Biology: Sex and Sexuality
Sexual Reproduction
The Mechanics of Meiosis
Human Sexuality from Different Points of View
A Closer Look: Speculation on the Evolution of Human Sexual Behavior
Chromosomal Determination of Sex
A Closer Look: Karyotyping and Down Syndrome
Male and Female Fetal Development
Sexual Maturation of Young Adults
The Maturation of Females
The Maturation of Males
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Hormonal Control of Female Sexual Cycles
Hormonal Control of Fertility
Fertilization, Pregnancy and Birth
Twins
Birth
Contraception
Chemical Methods
Hormonal Control Methods
Timing Method
Barrier Methods
Surgical Methods
A Closer Look: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Abortion
Changes in Sexual Function with Age
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Impotence
26 Mendelian and Molecular Genetics
Genetics, Meiosis, and Cells
Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns
A Simple Model of Inheritance — Dominant and Recessive Alleles
A Closer Look: Cystic Fibrosis — What's It About?
Mendel's Laws of Heredity
Steps in Solving Heredity Problems: Single Factor Crosses
A Closer Look: Muscular Dystrophy and Genetics
More Complex Models of Inheritance
X-Linked Genes
A Closer Look: Blame That Trait on Your Mother!
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Multiple Alles
Polygenic Inheritance
Pleiotropy
Environmental Influences on Gene Expression
What is a Gene and How Does It Work?
The Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA Replication
DNA Transcription
A Closer Look: Basic Steps of Translation
Translation of Protein Synthesis
Alterations of DNA
Using DNA to Our Advantage
Genetic Midification of Organisms
A Closer Look: The Human Genome Project
Strategy Two: Sequencing
Appendix A
Mathematical Review
Working with Equations
Significant Figures
Conversion of Units
Scientific Notation
Appendix B
Solubilities Chart
Appendix C
Relative Humidity Table
Appendix D
Solutions for Group A Parallel Exercises
Appendix E
Problem Solving
Glossary
Credits
Index

Editorial Reviews

Tillery (Arizona State U.), and Eldon D. Enger and Frederick C. Ross (both of Delta College) present a straightforward, easy-to-read, but substantial introduction to the fundamental behavior of matter and energy in living and nonliving systems. Intended for the non-science major, the 27 chapters introduce basic concepts and key ideas while providing opportunities for students to learn reasoning skills and a new way of thinking about their environment. No prior work in science is assumed. Contains many color photographs and illustrations. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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