You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist / Edition 4 available in Paperback, Other Format
You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist / Edition 4
- ISBN-10:
- 0393614913
- ISBN-13:
- 9780393614916
- Pub. Date:
- 02/01/2015
- Publisher:
- Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc.
- ISBN-10:
- 0393614913
- ISBN-13:
- 9780393614916
- Pub. Date:
- 02/01/2015
- Publisher:
- Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc.
You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist / Edition 4
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Overview
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780393614916 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc. |
Publication date: | 02/01/2015 |
Edition description: | Fourth Edition |
Pages: | 840 |
Sales rank: | 619,301 |
Product dimensions: | 7.00(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.10(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
Chapter 1 The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction 2
The Sociological Imagination 4
How to be a Sociologist According to Quentin Tarantino: A Scene from Pulp Fiction 6
What Are the True Costs and Returns of College? 8
Getting That "Piece Of Paper" 11
What Is a Social Institution? 14
The Sociology of Sociology 17
Auguste Comte and the Creation of Sociology 18
Two Centuries of Sociology 18
Classical Sociological Theory 21
American Sociology 27
Modern Sociological Theories 30
Doing Theory 34
Sociology and Its Cousins 35
History 35
Anthropology 37
The Psychological and Biological Sciences 39
Economics and Political Science 40
Divisions within Sociology 41
Microsociology and Macrosociology 42
Conclusion 42
Questions for Review 42
Practice: Seeing Sociologically 44
Chapter 2 Methods 46
Research 101 50
Causality versus Correlation 51
Variables 54
Hypothesis Testing 55
Validity, Reliability, and Generalizability 56
Role of the Researcher 57
Choosing Your Method 61
Data Collection 61
Samples: They're Not Just the Free Tastes at the Supermarket 66
Ethics of Social Research 72
Policy: The Political Battle Over the Citizenship Question 73
Conclusion 75
Questions for Review 76
Practice: Sociology, What Is It Good For? 78
Chapter 3 Culture and Media 80
Definitions of Culture 82
Culture = Human - Nature 82
Culture = (Superior) Man - (Inferior) Man 83
Culture = Man - Machine 85
Material versus Nonmaterial Culture 86
Language, Meaning, and Concepts 87
Ideology 88
Studying Culture 89
Subculture 92
Cultural Effects: Give and Take 93
Reflection Theory 95
Media 97
From the Town Crier to the Facebook Wall: A Brief History 97
Hegemony: The Mother of All Media Terms 99
The Media Life Cycle 100
Texts 100
Back to the Beginning: Cultural Production 100
Media Effects 101
Mommy, Where Do Stereotypes Come From? 103
The Race and Gender Politics of Making Out 104
Racism in the Media 106
Sexism in the Media 108
Political Economy of the Media 109
Consumer Culture 111
Advertising and Children 111
Culture Jams: Hey Calvin, How 'Bout Giving That Girl a Sandwich? 113
Conclusion 114
Policy: What's in a Name? 115
Questions for Review 117
Practice: Subculture Wars 118
Chapter 4 Socialization and the Construction of Reality 120
Socialization: The Concept 123
Limits of Socialization 124
"Human" Nature 124
Theories of Socialization 125
Me, Myself, and I: Development of the Self and the Other 125
Agents of Socialization 129
Families 129
School 133
Peers 135
Adult Socialization 136
Total Institutions 138
Social Interaction 139
Gender Roles 141
The Social Constructions of Reality 144
Dramaturgical Theory 148
Ethnomethodology 153
New Technologies: What Has the Internet Done to Interaction? 154
Policy: Roommates with Benefits 156
Conclusion 158
Questions for Review 159
Practice: Role Conflict and Role Strain 160
Chapter 5 Groups and Networks 162
Social Groups 164
Just the Two of Us 165
And Then There Were Three 166
Size Matters: Why Social Life is Complicated 169
Let's Get This Party Started: Small Groups, Parties, and Large Groups 170
Primary and Secondary Groups 172
Group Conformity 173
In-Groups and Out-Groups 174
Reference Groups 174
From Groups to Networks 174
Embeddedness: The Strength of Weak Ties 175
Six Degrees 179
Social Capital 180
Case Study: Survival of the Amish 184
Network Analysis in Practice 187
The Social Structure of Teenage Sex 188
Romantic Leftovers 191
Organizations 192
Organizational Structure and Culture 193
Institutional Isomorphism: Everybody's Doing It 194
Policy: Right to be Forgotten 195
Conclusion 196
Questions for Review 197
Practice: How to Disappear 198
Chapter 6 Social Control and Deviance 200
What Is Social Deviance? 203
Functionalist Approaches to Deviance and Social Control 204
Social Control 209
A Normative Theory of Suicide 211
Social Forces and Deviance 216
Symbolic Interactionist Theories of Deviance 218
Labeling Theory 218
The Stanford Prison Experiment and Abu Ghraib 222
Stigma 225
Broken Windows Theory of Deviance 226
Crime 228
Street Crime 228
White-Collar Crime 229
Interpreting the Crime Rate 230
Crime Reduction 233
Deterrence Theory of Crime Control 233
Goffman's Total Institution 235
Foucault on Punishment 237
The US Criminal Justice System 241
Policy: Does Prison Work Better as Punishment or Rehab? 244
Conclusion 246
Questions for Review 247
Practice: Everyday Deviance 248
Chapter 7 Stratification 250
Views of Inequality 253
Jean-Jacques Rousseau 253
The Scottish Enlightenment and Thomas Malthus 254
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 257
Modern Theories of Inequality 259
Standards of Equality 260
Equality of Opportunity 260
Equality of Condition 262
Equality of Outcome 263
Forms of Stratification 264
Estate System 264
Caste System 265
Class System 266
Status Hierarchy System 269
Elite-Mass Dichotomy System 272
Income Versus Wealth 274
How Is America Stratified Today? 275
The Upper Class 275
The Middle Class 277
The Poor 280
Global Inequality 281
Social Reproduction versus Social Mobility 284
Policy: Class-Based Affirmative Action 289
Conclusion 291
Questions for Review 292
Practice: The $5,000 Toothbrush 294
Chapter 8 Gender 296
Let's Talk About Sex Gender 298
Sex: A Process in the Making 299
Seeing Sex as Social: The Case of Nonbinary Individuals 300
Sexed Bodies in the Premodern World 301
Contemporary Concepts of Sex and the Paradoxes of Gender 301
Gender: What Does It Take to Be Feminine or Masculine? 302
Making Gender 303
Gender Differences over Time 305
Welcome to Ze College, Ze 306
Theories of Gender Inequality 309
Rubin's Sex/Gender System 309
Parsons's Sex Role Theory 311
Psychoanalytic Theories 312
Conflict Theories 313
"Doing Gender": Interactionist Theories 314
Black Feminism and Intersectionality 315
Postmodern and Global Perspectives 316
Growing Up, Getting Ahead, and Falling Behind 317
Growing Up with Gender 318
Inequality at Work 319
Sociology in the Bedroom 326
Sex: From Plato to NATO 326
The Social Construction of Sexuality 327
Contemporary Sexualities: The Q Word 331
"Hey": Teen Sex, from Hooking Up to Virginity Pledges 333
Sex and Aging 336
Policy : #Methree 338
Conclusion 339
Questions for Review 340
Practice: Measuring Mansplaining 342
Chapter 9 Race 344
The Myth of Race 346
The Concept of Race from the Ancients to Alleles 349
Race in the Early Modern World 350
Eugenics 353
Twentieth-Century Concepts of Race 355
Racial Realities 357
Race versus Ethnicity 360
Racial Groups in the United States 363
Native Americans 363
African Americans 365
Latinxs 366
Asian Americans 368
Middle Eastern Americans 370
The Importance of Being White 370
Inter-Group Relations 373
Pluralism 374
Segregation and Discrimination 376
Racial Conflict 381
Group Responses to Domination 382
Withdrawal 382
Passing 383
Acceptance versus Resistance 384
Prejudice, Discrimination, and the New Racism 384
How Race Matters: The Case of Wealth 387
Institutional Racism 389
The Future of Race 391
Policy: DNA Databases 395
Conclusion 396
Questions for Review 397
Practice: How Segregated are You? 398
Chapter 10 Family 400
Family Forms and Changes 403
Malinowski and the Traditional Family 404
The Family in the Western World Today 408
Keeping It in the Family: The Historical Divide between Public and Private 411
Premodern Families 411
The Emergence of the Male Breadwinner Family 413
Families after World War II 414
Family and Work: A Not-So-Subtle Revolution 416
A Feminist "Rethinking of the Family" 417
When Home Is No Haven: Domestic Abuse 419
The Chore Wars: Supermom Does It All 420
Swimming and Sinking: Inequality and American Families 426
African American Families 426
Latinx Families 428
Flat Broke with Children 429
The Pecking Order: Inequality Starts at Home 433
The Future of Families, and There Goes the Nation! 435
Divorce 435
Blended Families 438
Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Families 438
Multiracial Families 440
Immigrant Families 441
Policy: Expanding Marriage 442
Conclusion 444
Questions for Review 444
Practice: Making Invisible Labor Visible 446
Glossary A1
Bibliography A14
Credits A49
Index A53