Unified Theories of Cognition / Edition 1

Unified Theories of Cognition / Edition 1

by Allen Newell
ISBN-10:
0674921011
ISBN-13:
9780674921016
Pub. Date:
01/01/1994
Publisher:
Harvard University Press
ISBN-10:
0674921011
ISBN-13:
9780674921016
Pub. Date:
01/01/1994
Publisher:
Harvard University Press
Unified Theories of Cognition / Edition 1

Unified Theories of Cognition / Edition 1

by Allen Newell

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Overview

Psychology is now ready for unified theories of cognition—so says Allen Newell, a leading investigator in computer science and cognitive psychology. Not everyone will agree on a single set of mechanisms that will explain the full range of human cognition, but such theories are within reach and we should strive to articulate them.

In this book, Newell makes the case for unified theories by setting forth a candidate. After reviewing the foundational concepts of cognitive science—knowledge, representation, computation, symbols, architecture, intelligence, and search—Newell introduces Soar, an architecture for general cognition. A pioneer system in artificial intelligence, Soar is the first problem solver to create its own subgoals and learn continuously from its own experience.

Newell shows how Soar’s ability to operate within the real-time constraints of intelligent behavior, such as immediate-response and item-recognition tasks, illustrates important characteristics of the human cognitive structure. Throughout, Soar remains an exemplar: we know only enough to work toward a fully developed theory of cognition, but Soar’s success so far establishes the viability of the enterprise.

Given its integrative approach, Unified Theories of Cognition will be of tremendous interest to researchers in a variety of fields, including cognitive science, artificial intelligence, psychology, and computer science. This exploration of the nature of mind, one of the great problems of philosophy, should also transcend disciplines and attract a large scientific audience.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780674921016
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Publication date: 01/01/1994
Series: The William James Lectures , #7
Edition description: New Edition
Pages: 576
Product dimensions: 6.12(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.25(d)

Table of Contents

Introduction

The Nature of Theories

What Are Unified Theories of Cognition?

Is Psychology Ready for Unified Theories?

The Task of the Book

Foundations of Cognitive Science

Behaving Systems

Knowledge Systems

Representation

Machines and Computation

Symbols

Architectures

Intelligence

Search and Problem Spaces

Preparation and Deliberation

Summary

Human Cognitive Architecture

The Human Is a Symbol System

System Levels

The Time Scale of Human Action

The Biological Band

The Neural Circuit Level

The Real-Time Constraint on Cognition

The Cognitive Band

The Level of Simple Operations

The First Level of Composed Operations

The Intendedly Rational Band

Higher Bands: Social, Historical, and Evolutionary

Summary

Symbolic Processing for Intelligence

The Central Architecture for Performance

Chunking

The Total Cognitive System

RI-Soar: Knowledge-Intensive and Knowledge-Lean Operation

Designer-Soar: Difficult Intellectual Tasks

Soar as an Intelligent System

Mapping Soar onto Human Cognition

Soar and the Shape of Human Cognition

Summary

Immediate Behavior

The Scientific Role of Immediate-Response Data

Methodological Preliminaries

Functional Analysis of Immediate Responses

The Simplest Response Task (SRI)

The Two-Choice Response Task (2CRT)

Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC)

Discussion of the Three Analyses

Item Recognition

Typing

Summary

Memory, Learning, and Skill

The Memory and Learning Hypothesis of Soar

The Soar Qualitative Theory of Learning

The Distinction between Episodic and Semantic Memory

Data Chunking

Skill Acquisition

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Summary

Intendedly Rational Behavior

Ciyptarithmetic

Syllogisms

Sentence Verification

Summary

Along the Frontiers

Language

Development

The Biological Band

The Social Band

The Role of Applications

How to Move toward Unified Theories of Cognition

References

Name Index

Subject Index

What People are Saying About This

If you want to understand mental architecture, you must read this book.

Philip N. Johnson-Laird

If you want to understand mental architecture, you must read this book.
Philip N. Johnson-Laird, Princeton University

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