Table of Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Chapter 1 Unspeakable English? Investigating global English in local context 1
1 The question of English in South Korea 1
2 Research on the global spread of English 5
2.1 The political dimension of research on global English 5
2.2 The methodological dimension of research on global English 9
3 Language ideology as a framework of inquiry 13
3.1 The framework of language ideology 13
3.2 The global spread of English as a language-ideological issue 15
3.3 Language ideology and the question of English in Korea 18
4 The approach: Metalinguistic discourse as focus of analysis 21
5 Overview: Three ideologies of English in Korea 25
Chapter 2 The English language in South Korea: History, politics, and sociolinguistics 29
1 South Korea as a monolingual society? 29
1.1 English in the media and popular culture 30
1.2 The impact of language learning: growing familiarity towards English 33
2 Korea in pursuit of English: global aspirations and local struggles 37
2.1 English as a national resource: economic strategies and educational policy 37
2.2 English as a modern skill: higher education and the job market 41
2.3 The boom in English language learning 43
2.4 The politics of 'English villages' 46
2.5 Class, symbolic capital, and language ideology 49
3 Resistance to English and language purism 51
4 Conclusion 55
Chapter 3 Debating English: Language ideologies in the Official English debate 57
1 Language ideological debates in the age of globalization 57
2 The Official English debate 61
2.1 Bok Geoil and English as an official language 61
2.2 The debate: development and political context 65
2.3 The debate: participants and arguments 69
2.4 The impact of the debate 72
3 Three ideologies of English in the Official English debate 74
3.1 Necessitation: English as a necessity 74
3.2 Externalization: English as language of an Other 77
3.3 Self-deprecation: Koreans as bad speakers of English 80
4 Ideological dynamics in the Official English debate 83
4.1 The three ideologies as an ideological complex 83
4.2 Framing the debate as politicized opposition 89
5 Conclusion 94
Chapter 4 Playing with English: Language ideologies in Korean-English yumeo 96
1 Cross-linguistic humor as metalinguistic discourse 96
2 Korean-English yumeo as data 99
3 A typology of Korean-English yumeo 102
3.1 Translation riddles 102
3.2 Jokes 103
3.3 Humorous experiences 104
3.4 Parody 107
4 Ideological aspects of Korean-English yumeo 109
4.1 The theme of Korean-English yumeo 110
4.2 The target of Korean-English yumeo 114
4.3 The language of Korean-English yumeo 120
5 Korean-English yumeo as a site for ideology reproduction 125
6 Conclusion 130
Chapter 5 Representing English: Language ideologies in scripted television entertainment shows 133
1 Cross-linguistic humor in media discourse 133
2 Korean television entertainment shows as data 137
3 Interpretive resources for the construction of English 139
3.1 Focusing on Koreans' inability in English 140
3.2 Performance of "bad English" 145
3.3 Presuppositions in the use of subtitles 149
3.4 Interpretive resources at work: imagining English and Koreanness 154
4 Television entertainment shows as metalinguistic discourse 162
5 Conclusion 166
Chapter 6 Disclaiming English: Language ideologies in face-to-face interaction 168
1 Ideology and interaction 168
2 Capturing Koreans' talk about English 170
3 Interactional practices and ideologies of English 174
3.1 Interactional practices as resources for ideology reproduction 174
3.2 Interactional practices in talk about English 177
3.2.1 Sequence organization 177
3.2.2 Explicit assessments 184
3.3 Interactional practices in "expert discourse" 191
3.4 Contrast with talk about Japanese 201
4 Two senses of "disclaiming English" in interaction 211
5 Conclusion 222
Chapter 7 Conclusions: Speaking (of) the unspeakable 224
1 Countering unspeakable English: Korea and beyond 224
2 Implications for further study 233
2.1 Language ideology and the global spread of English 233
2.2 English language learning/teaching and language ideology 235
2.3 Linguistics and globalization studies 238
Appendix A Transcription conventions 241
Appendix B Abbreviations 242
Notes 243
References 245
Subject index 269
Name index 272
