The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology / Edition 2

by Gene S. Helfman, Bruce B. Collette, Douglas E. Facey, Brian W. Bowen

Overview

The second edition of The Diversity of Fishes represents a major revision of the world’s most widely adopted ichthyology textbook. Expanded and updated, the second edition is illustrated throughout with striking color photographs depicting the spectacular evolutionary adaptations of the most ecologically and taxonomically diverse vertebrate group. The text incorporates the latest advances in the biology of fishes, covering taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, biogeography, ecology, and behavior. A new chapter on genetics and molecular ecology of fishes has been added, and conservation is emphasized throughout. Hundreds of new and redrawn illustrations augment readable text, and every chapter has been revised to reflect the discoveries and greater understanding achieved during the past decade. Written by a team of internationally-recognized authorities, the first edition of The Diversity of Fishes was received with enthusiasm and praise, and incorporated into ichthyology and fish biology classes around the globe, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The second edition is a substantial update of an already classic reference and text.

Companion resources site

This book is accompanied by a resources site:

www.wiley.com/go/helfman

The site is being constantly updated by the author team and provides:

·         Related videos selected by the authors

·         Updates to the book since publication

·         Instructor resources

·         A chance to send in feedback

 

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781405124942
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	05/04/2009
Edition description:	2nd ed.
Pages:	736
Product dimensions:	8.80(w) x 11.00(h) x 1.70(d)

About the Author

Gene S. Helfman is an Emeritus Professor of Ecology in the Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia. He retired after 30 years of conducting research on and teaching about ichthyology, animal behavior, and conservation biology. His research focused on the behavioral ecology and conservation of fishes in lakes, streams, coastal oceans, and coral reefs. In addition to contributing to this textbook, Helfman in 2007 published a highly acclaimed reference and text, Fish Conservation: A Guide to Understanding and Restoring Global Aquatic Biodiversity and Fishery Resources. He received a BS from the University of California, an MS from the University or Hawaii, and a Ph.D. from Cornell University.

Bruce Collette is a Senior Scientist at the National Systematics Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service based in the National Museum of Natural History, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. He studies the systematics and evolution of several groups of epipelagic fishes such as tunas, mackerels, halfbeaks, and needlefishes and benthic fishes such as toadfishes and has published over 250 papers on these and other fishes. He has co-authored books on fishes of the Gulf of Maine and Bermuda. He received his BS and PhD degrees at Cornell University.

Doug Facey is a Professor of Biology at Saint Michael's College in Vermont where he studies the ecology and physiology of fishes of Lake Champlain and its tributaries. One ongoing area of interest is fish diversity in lower tributaries, including some rare darters. Doug received his BS in Biology at the University of Maine-Orono, his MS in Zoology at the University of Vermont, and his PhD in Zoology at the University of Georgia.

Brian Bowen spent the summers of his youth snorkeling in Cape Cod Bay, where he learned to appreciate fishes. Dr Bowen is a researcher at Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (University of Hawaii), with over two dozen research expeditions, and over 100 publications on the conservation genetics of fishes and other vertebrates. He holds a M.A. degree from Virginia Institute of Marine Science, a Ph.D. from University of Georgia, and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Currently Dr. Bowen works on fish five days a week, and on the weekend prefers to go fishing.

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Table of Contents

Preface to the second edition xi

Preface to the first edition xii

Phylogenetic relationships among living and extinct fishgroups xv

Part I Introduction 1

1 The science of ichthyology 3

What is a fish? 3

Superlative fishes 5

A brief history of ichthyology 6

Additional sources of information 7

Summary 9

2 Systematic procedures 11

Species 11

Taxonomy versus systematics 12

Approaches to classification 12

Taxonomic characters 14

Vertebrate classes 15

Units of classification 16

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 16

PhyloCode 17

Name changes 17

Collections 18

Summary 19

Supplementary reading 19

Part II Form, function, and ontogeny 21

3 Skeleton, skin, and scales 23

Skeleton 23

Integumentary skeleton 36

Summary 40

Supplementary reading 40

4 Soft anatomy 41

Muscles 41

Cardiovascular system 45

Alimentary canal 48

Gas bladder 50

Kidneys 52

Gonads 52

Nervous system 54

Summary 56

Supplementary reading 56

5 Oxygen, metabolism, and energetics 57

Respiration and ventilation 57

Gas transport 64

Metabolic rate 66

Energetics 68

Summary 73

Supplementary reading 73

6 Sensory systems 75

Mechanoreception 75

Electroreception 80

Vision 84

Chemoreception 87

Magnetic reception 89

Summary 89

Supplementary reading 90

7 Homeostasis 91

Coordination and control of regulation 91

Temperature relationships 94

Osmoregulation, excretion, ion and pH balance 100

The immune system 105

Stress 106

Summary 108

Supplementary reading 109

8 Functional morphology of locomotion and feeding 111

Locomotion: movement and shape 111

Feeding: biting, sucking, chewing, and swallowing 119

Summary 127

Supplementary reading 128

9 Early life history 129

Complex life cycles and indeterminate growth 129

Early life history: terminology 130

Eggs and sperm 130

Embryology 137

Larvae 139

Getting from here to there: larval transport mechanisms 145

Summary 147

Supplementary reading 148

10 Juveniles, adults, age, and growth 149

Juveniles 149

Adults 153

Age and growth 157

The ontogeny and evolution of growth 162

Summary 164

Supplementary reading 165

Part III Taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution 167

11 “A history of fishes” 169

Jawless fishes 170

Gnathostomes: early jawed fishes 175

Advanced jawed fishes I: teleostomes (Osteichthyes) 178

Advanced jawed fishes II: Chondrichthyes 197

A history of fishes: summary and overview 200

Summary 203

Supplementary reading 204

12 Chondrichthyes: sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras 205

Subclass Elasmobranchii 205

Subclass Holocephali 227

Summary 229

Supplementary reading 230

13 Living representatives of primitive fishes 231

Jawless fishes: lancelets, hagfishes, and lampreys 231

Primitive bony fishes 241

Conclusions 258

Summary 258

Supplementary reading 259

14 Teleosts at last I: bonytongues through anglerfishes 261

Teleostean phylogeny 261

A survey of living teleostean fishes 263

Neognathi 280

Neoteleostei 281

Acanthomorpha: the spiny teleosts 284

Summary 289

Supplementary reading 290

15 Teleosts at last II: spiny-rayed fishes 291

Superorder Acanthopterygii: introduction 291

Series Mugilomorpha 292

Series Atherinomorpha 293

Series Percomorpha: basal orders 296

Series Percomorpha, Order Perciformes: the perchlike fishes 300

Series Percomorpha: advanced percomorph orders – flatfishes and twisted jaws 322

Summary 325

Supplementary reading 326

Part IV Zoogeography, genetics, and adaptations 327

16 Zoogeography 329

Marine fishes 329

Freshwater fishes 339

Summary 354

Supplementary reading 354

17 Fish genetics 355

Fish genomics 355

Molecular ecology 360

Population genetics 365

Phylogeography 370

Molecular evolution 379

Conservation genetics 385

Summary 389

Supplementary reading 390

18 Special habitats and special adaptations 393

The deep sea 393

The open sea 401

Polar regions 405

Deserts and other seasonally arid habitats 410

Strong currents and turbulent water 415

Caves 417

Summary 420

Supplementary reading 421

Part V Behavior and ecology 423

19 Fishes as predators 425

Search and detect 425

Pursuit 426

Attack and capture 429

Handling 433

Scavengers, detritivores, and herbivores 436

Optimally foraging fishes 437

Summary 437

Supplementary reading 438

20 Fishes as prey 439

Avoiding detection 439

Evading pursuit 446

Preventing and deflecting attacks 447

Discouraging capture and handling 448

Balancing foraging against predatory threat 452

Summary 453

Supplementary reading 454

21 Fishes as social animals: reproduction 455

Reproductive patterns among fishes 455

Courtship and spawning 461

Parental care 468

Alternative mating systems and tactics 473

Summary 475

Supplementary reading 476

22 Fishes as social animals: aggregation, aggression, and cooperation 477

Communication 477

Agonistic interactions 485

Aggregations 488

Interspecific relations: symbioses 492

Summary 496

Supplementary reading 497

23 Cycles of activity and behavior 499

Diel patterns 499

Semilunar and lunar patterns 507

Seasonal patterns 509

Annual and supra-annual patterns: migrations 515

Summary 522

Supplementary reading 523

24 Individuals, populations, and assemblages 525

Individuals 525

Populations 529

Assemblages 536

Summary 549

Supplementary reading 550

25 Communities, ecosystems, and the functional role of fishes 551

Community-level interactions between fishes and other taxonomic groups 551

The effects of fishes on plants 554

The effects of fishes on invertebrate activity, distribution, and abundance 559

Fishes in the ecosystem 563

Influence of physical factors and disturbance 577

Summary 580

Supplementary reading 581

Part VI The future of fishes 583

26 Conservation 585

Extinction and biodiversity loss 585

General causes of biodiversity decline 589

What can be done? 618

Summary 621

Supplementary reading 622

References 625

Index 693

Editorial Reviews

"This new edition of the Diversity of Fishes, with its comprehensive view of fish biology sensu latu, should be welcomed by teachers, students, and professional ichthyologists. The book, with its colored photographs and good drawings, is attractive; the errors are few; the authors are authoritative; the index is informative; and the content has been brought up to date." (Environmental Biology of Fishes, October 2010)

"Overall, The Diversity of Fishes is, in our opinion, the best current single-volume reference for teaching students about fishes, and if we had to condense our ichthyological libraries to just one book, at the moment this would certainly be it." (Copeia, 2010)

"The book combines broad and comprehensive coverage with quite a lot of detail about the different themes that are dealt with ... .I heartily recommend the second edition of The Diversity of Fishes, both as a student textbook and as an introductory, general source of reference." (Aquaculture International, May 2009)

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