Public Procurement and Multilateral Development Banks: Law, Practice and Problems available in Paperback, eBook
Public Procurement and Multilateral Development Banks: Law, Practice and Problems
- ISBN-10:
- 1509930795
- ISBN-13:
- 9781509930791
- Pub. Date:
- 07/25/2019
- Publisher:
- Bloomsbury Academic
- ISBN-10:
- 1509930795
- ISBN-13:
- 9781509930791
- Pub. Date:
- 07/25/2019
- Publisher:
- Bloomsbury Academic
Public Procurement and Multilateral Development Banks: Law, Practice and Problems
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Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781509930791 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Bloomsbury Academic |
Publication date: | 07/25/2019 |
Pages: | 344 |
Product dimensions: | 6.14(w) x 9.21(h) x 0.72(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface vii
Table of Cases xv
Table of Legislation xvii
Part I History and Law
1 Introduction 3
2 A Historical Overview of the MDBs and the History of Public Procurement Regulation in the World Bank 9
I Introduction 9
II History of the Multilateral Development Banks 9
A The World Bank 9
B The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) 11
C The African Development Bank (AfDB) 12
D The Asian Development Bank (ADB) 14
E The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 15
III Background to Public Procurement Regulation in the MDBs: A Case Study of the World Bank 16
IV The History and Evolution of Procurement Policy in the World Bank 18
V Conclusion 29
3 The MDBs and International Law 31
I Introduction 31
II International Personality of MDBs: Capacity, Immunity and Liability 32
A Capacity 33
B Immunity 34
C Liability 37
III The Status of MDB Loan Agreements in International Law 39
A Interpretation 41
B Adherence 42
C Dispute Resolution 43
IV The Relationship Between the MDBs and Their Borrowers 45
V MDBs, Public Procurement and Global Administrative Law 47
VI Conclusion 49
Part II Practice: Documents, Processes and Procedures
4 The Procurement Documents 53
I Introduction 53
II Country Intervention Documents 53
III The Loan Agreement 55
IV The General Conditions for Loans 56
V The Procurement Rules 58
A The 2011 Procurement Guidelines 58
i The 2011 Procurement Guidelines for Goods, Works and Non-consulting Services 60
ii The 2011 Procurement Guidelines for the Selection of Consultants 62
B The 2016 Procurement Framework 64
i The 2016 Procurement Regulations for Borrowers 65
ii Bank Policy: Procurement in IPF and Other Operational Procurement Matters 68
iii Bank Directive: Procurement in IPF and Other Operational Procurement Matters 69
iv Bank Procedure: Procurement in IPF and Other Operational Procurement Matters 70
VI The General Conditions of Contract (GCC) 70
VII The Standard Procurement Documents (SPDs) 72
VIII The Project Procurement Strategy for Development 73
IX The Procurement Plan 74
X The Project Implementation Plan/Manual 75
XI Conclusion 76
5 The Project Cycle and the Procurement Process 77
I Introduction 77
II An Overview of Procurement Organisation in the MDBs: The Example of the World Bank 78
III Project Preparation 81
A Assessing Borrower Capacity 81
B Project Identification and Preparation 83
C Project Appraisal 84
D Loan Negotiations and Approval 85
IV Project Implementation and Procurement 85
A The Procurement Cycle 86
i Procurement and Project Plans 87
ii Preparation of Standard Procurement (Bidding) Documents 87
iii Advertisement 87
iv Bid Opening 88
v Bid Evaluation 89
vi Standstill Period 91
vii Contract Award 91
viii Contract Management 92
ix Post Reviews 92
V Procurement Procedures Used by the Bank 93
A The 2011 Procurement Guidelines 93
i Goods, Works and Non-consulting Services 93
ii Consulting Services 97
B The 2016 Procurement Regulations 98
VI Evaluation and Monitoring 101
VII Conclusion 102
6 Value for Money, Competition and Selection Procedures 103
I Introduction 103
II Value for Money: Meaning 103
III Competition in Procurement: Meaning 107
IV Competitive Award Procedures Under Bank-financed Contracts 109
A Competitive Procedures for Goods, Works and Non-consulting Services 110
i Request for Proposals (RFP) 110
ii Request for Bids (RFB) 111
iii Request for Quotations (RFQ) 112
B Competitive Procedures for Consulting Services 112
i Shortlisting 113
ii Quality and Cost-based Selection (QCBS) 113
iii Fixed Budget-based Selection (FBS) 115
iv Least Cost-based Selection (LCS) 116
v Quality-based Selection (QBS) 116
vi Consultant's Qualification-based Selection (CQS) 117
V Non-competitive Procedures 118
A Goods, Works and Non-consulting Services 118
B Consulting Services 121
VI Market Approaches 122
VII Selection and Contractual Arrangements 131
A Competitive Dialogue 132
B Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) 134
i Build, Own and Operate (BOO) 135
ii Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) 136
iii Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) 136
C Commercial Practices 136
D United Nations Agencies 137
E Electronic Reverse Auctions 137
F Operations Involving a Programme of Imports 138
G Commodities 138
H Community Driven Development 139
I Force Accounts 139
J Framework Agreements 140
K Performance-based Contracts 141
VIII Conclusion 142
7 Secondary (Sustainability) Concerns in MDB Procurement 143
I Introduction 143
II Secondary Concerns in Public Procurement: Meaning 143
III Secondary Policies in Other Jurisdictions: A Synopsis 148
IV The World Bank and Secondary Policies: Rationale 153
V The Implementation of Secondary Policies in the World Bank 155
A Prequalification of Firms 159
B Functional and Technical Specifications 159
C Evaluation Criteria 161
D Contract Terms and Conditions 161
E Contract Monitoring 162
VI The Frequency of the Use of Secondary Considerations in Bank-funded Contracts 162
VII Secondary Policies and the Other MDBs 163
A The Inter-American Development Bank 163
B The African Development Bank 164
C The Asian Development Bank 166
D The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 167
VIII Conclusion 168
Part III Problems and Issues Affecting MDB Procurement
8 Corruption in MDB Funded Procurement 171
I Introduction 171
II Corruption in Public Procurement: A Primer 172
III Anti-corruption in the World Bank 177
A The History of Anti-corruption in the World Bank: From Turning a Blind Eye to Mainstreaming Anti-corruption 178
B Addressing Corruption in Bank-funded Contracts 187
i The Corruption Offences in the Bank's Anti-corruption Policy 187
ii Prevention of Corruption in Bank-funded Contracts 189
iii Ensuring Compliance with Bank Anti-corruption Norms 193
iv Detection, and Investigation of Corruption in Bank-funded Contracts 195
v Deterrence, Sanctions and Resolution of Corruption Cases 199
a Sanctions Against Borrowers 200
b Sanctions Against Contractors 203
c Settlements and Resolution of Cases with Contractors 209
d Bank Contractors After Sanctions: Integrity Compliance Programmes 210
IV Anti-corruption and Bank Borrowers 211
A The Procurement Guidelines and Regulations 211
B The Anti-corruption Guidelines 212
C The General Conditions of Contract 214
D Standard Procurement Documents 214
V Concluding Remarks 215
9 The Aid Effectiveness Agenda: Harmonisation, Tied Aid and Use of Country Systems 217
I Introduction 217
II Aid Effectiveness 217
A The Meaning of Effective Aid 217
III Harmonisation 220
A The Meaning of Harmonisation 220
B A History of the Harmonisation Agenda 221
C The Procurement Harmonisation Agenda 227
i Standardisation of Procurement Documents 228
ii Co-operation in the Area of Anti-corruption 230
IV Tied Aid 232
A What is Tied Aid? 232
B Effects of Tied Aid on Development: A Primer 234
C Multilateral Efforts at Untying Aid: A Chronological Review 236
V Use of Country Systems in Funded Procurement 239
A The Meaning of Use of Country Systems 239
B The Methodology and the Pilot 241
VI Conclusion 242
10 Public Procurement Reform and the Development of Procurement Capacity in Developing Countries: The Role of MDEs 243
I Introduction 243
II Conceptual Framework 243
A Public Procurement Reform 243
B The Development of Procurement Capacity 249
C Use of Country Systems 251
III The Multilateral Agenda on Procurement Reform and Capacity Development in Developing Countries 256
IV Initiating the Reform Process: Assessing Procurement Systems 264
A Country Procurement Assessment Reports (CPAR) 264
B Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS) 267
C Methodology for Assessing Alternative Procurement Arrangements (MAAPA) 272
V The Role of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement 273
VI The Role of the MDBs in Procurement Reform 275
A Promoters 276
B Funders 277
C Implementers 277
VII The Role of the MDBs in the Development of Procurement Capacity 277
VIII Conclusion 280
11 Remedies Under MDB-funded Procurement 281
I Introduction 281
II Introduction to Supplier Remedies in Public Procurement 281
III The World Bank's Approach to Remedies 283
IV Complaints Forum for Bidders Under MDB-funded Contracts 284
A The Kinds of Remedies Available to Bidders 291
V Forum for Disputes Between Contractors and Borrowers 292
A The Kinds of Remedies Available to Contractors 296
VI Disputes Between Borrowers and the World Bank 296
A Remedies Available to the Parties to a Loan Agreement 299
VII Conclusion 304
Index 305