Protein Kinase C / Edition 1

by Lodewijk V. Dekker

Overview

Protein Kinase C is a pivotal component of the mechanism that allows a cell to respond to its changing environment. In this book, the most significant advances in recent basic research on Protein Kinase C are explained by active researchers in the field. The first seven chapters provide a comprehensive account of the fundamental structural and biochemical properties of Protein Kinase C. The remaining chapters contain overviews of the function of Protein Kinase C, both in lower organisms and in mammalian cells, the latter with a focus on immune cells and nerve cells.

This book is the only recent publication devoted entirely to Protein Kinase C and forms a major point of reference for those active in the field. In addition it will appeal to those with a general interest in biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and neurobiology.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781441934192
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	09/29/2011
Series:	Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit
Edition description:	2004
Pages:	194
Product dimensions:	6.14(w) x 9.21(h) x 0.02(d)

Table of Contents

	Preface	ix
1.	Introduction	1
	The Protein Phosphorylation Reaction	1
	Protein Kinases	1
	Protein Kinase C	2
	Protein Kinase C Isotypes and Their Domain Structure	2
	Defining the PKC Family	4
	This Book	5
2.	Structure, Function and Membrane Interactions of C1 Domains	8
	C1 Domain Structure and Stereospecific Ligand Recognition	9
	Membrane Binding and Subcellular Localization of C1 Domains	11
	Typical C1 Domains in Proteins Other than PKC	12
	Atypical C1 Domains	12
	C1 Domains in the Context of Multidomain Signaling Proteins	13
3.	Structural and Functional Specialization of C2 Domains in Protein Kinase C	16
	C2 Domain Structure	17
	C2 Domain Interactions with Ligands	20
	Mechanism of Membrane Targeting of PKC by C2 Domains	25
4.	Regulation of Protein Kinase C by Membrane Interactions	36
	Protein Kinase C: At the Heart of Lipid Signalling	36
	The Three Cofactors: Phosphatidylserine, Diacylglycerol, and Ca[superscript 2+]	37
	Translocation of Protein Kinase C	42
	Phosphorylation: Regulator of Protein Kinase C's Subcellular Location	44
5.	Protein Kinase C Regulation by Protein Interactions	49
	Examples of PKC Binding Proteins	51
	Discussion	59
6.	Regulation of Protein Kinase C by Phosphorylation	63
	Phosphorylation at the Activation Loop	64
	Phosphorylation at the Turn Motif	67
	Phosphorylation at the Hydrophobic Site	68
	The Role of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway	69
	Regulation by Dephosphorylation	70
	Implications for Cellular Function	71
	Regulation of Protein Kinase C by Tyrosine Phosphorylation	71
7.	Down-Regulation of Protein Kinase C	76
	The Proteolytic Mechanism	78
	Role of Down-Regulation	82
8.	Protein Kinase C in Yeast: The Cell Wall Integrity Pathway	87
	Yeasts PKC Homologues	87
	Rho GTPases and PKC Activation	88
	S. cerevisiae Pkc1p and the Cell Integrity Pathway	90
	Cell Integrity Pathway and Cell Cycle	91
	Interaction with Other Pathways	93
	Function of Pck1p and Pck2p in S. pombe Cell Integrity and Cell Wall Biosynthesis	93
9.	Specificity in Atypical Protein Kinase C Signaling: The NF-[kappa]B Paradigm	100
	The NF-[kappa]B Pathway	100
	Adapters for the aPKCs to NF-[kappa]B Activation	103
	Functional Relevance of the aPKCs in the Ras-NF-[kappa]B Crossroad	106
	Specificity during Cell Signaling	106
	Blockade of NF-[kappa]B by the Endogenous aPKC Inhibitor Par-4	109
10.	Protein Kinase C: A Molecular Information Storage Device in Neurons	114
	Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity	114
	Inhibitors of PKC Block LTP	116
	Activating PKC Mimics LTP	117
	Biochemical Studies	118
	Oxidative Modification of PKC	118
	Protein Kinase Substrates Phosphorylated during LTP	119
	Cerebellar Long-Term Depression	121
	PKC in Learning and Memory	121
	Changes in Activity, Cellular Distribution and Phosphorylation of Substrates	122
	Pharmacological Inhibition of PKC	123
	Isotype Specific PKC Knockout	123
11.	Involvement of PKC in the Sensation of Pain	134
	Role of PKC in Peripheral Nociception	136
	Sensitization of the Heat-Gated Current by PKC	136
	Desensitization of VR1 by Calcineurin	138
	Phosphorylation of VR1	138
	PKC Isotypes Involved in VR1 Phosphorylation	139
	PKC-[varepsilon] and Inflammatory Pain	139
	Actions of PKC on Voltage-Sensitive Na Currents	140
	Specific Involvement of PKC-[varepsilon] in Neuropathic Pain	141
	Conclusion: Peripheral Nociception	141
	Involvement of PKC in Central Pain Processing	141
	Protein Kinase C-[gamma] and Persistent Pain	142
	PKC Activity, Opioid Tolerance and Pathological Pain States Are Related	142
12.	The Protein Kinase C Gene Module: Cellular Functions in T Lymphocytes	147
	The PKC Kinases: A Gene Family of Nine Isotypes	147
	Regulation of PKC Activity in T Cells	149
	Signaling Specificity of PKC in T Cells--A Complex Affair	150
	Role of PKC in T Lymphocyte Physiology	153
	PKC and T Cell Activation	153
	T Cell Antigen Receptor	153
	Integrin Receptors	155
	Cytokine Receptors	156
	Are There any Other Critical Pathways Modulated by PKC	157
	Role of PKC in Lymphocyte Development	157
	Role of PKC in Lymphocyte Homeostasis	158
	PKCs in Lymphocyte Disorders	159
	Synopsis and Future Perspectives	159
13.	Protein Kinase C Isotype Function in Neutrophils	165
	Basic Cell Biological Properties of Neutrophils	165
	PKC Isotypes in Neutrophils	168
	Studying PKC Isotype Function in Neutrophils	171
	Molecular Targets of PKC in Neutrophils	173
	Index	191