Oxidative Stress and Vascular Disease / Edition 1

by John F. Keaney Jr.

Overview

One of the major biomedical triumphs of the post-World War II era was the defmitive demonstration that hypercholesterolemia is a key causative factor in atherosclerosis; that hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated; and that treatment significantly reduces not only coronary disease mortality but also all­ cause mortality. Treatment to lower plasma levels of cholesterol - primarily low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - is now accepted as best medical practice and both physicians and patients are being educated to take aggressive measures to lower LDL. We can confidently look forward to important decreases in the toll of coronary artery disease over the coming decades. However, there is still uncertainty as to the exact mechanisms by which elevated plasma cholesterol and LDL levels initiate and favor the progression of lesions. There is general consensus that one of the earliest responses to hypercholesterolemia is the adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells followed by their penetration into the subendothelial space, where they differentiate into macrophages. These cells, and also medial smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the subendothelial space, then become loaded with mUltiple, large droplets of cholesterol esters . . . the hallmark of the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion, the so-called fatty streak. This lesion is the precursor of the more advanced lesions, both in animal models and in humans. Thus the centrality of hypercholesterolemia cannot be overstated. Still, the atherogenic process is complex and evolves over a long period of time.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461371038
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	10/12/2012
Series:	Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine , #224
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2000
Pages:	373
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.03(d)

About the Author

Keaney, John F., Jr., MD (Boston Univ)

Table of Contents

General Concepts.- 1. What is Oxidative Stress.- 2. Sources of Vascular Oxidative Stress.- 3. Antioxidant Defenses in the Vascular Wall.- Atherosclerosis.- 4. The Oxidative Modification Hypothesis of Atherogenesis.- 5. Mechanisms of LDL Oxidation.- 6. Oxidized Phospholipids as Mediators of Vascular Disease.- 7. MM-LDL and Atherogenesis — A Major Role for Phospholipid Oxidation Products.- 8. Oxidation-Sensitive Transcription and Gene Expression in Atherosclerosis.- 9. Atherosclerosis, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Function.- 10. Oxidants and Antioxidants in Platelet Function.- 11. Antioxidants and Atherosclerosis: Animal Studies.- 12. Human Studies of Antioxidants and Vascular Function.- 13. Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease.- Diabetes.- 14. Glycation and Glycoxidation in Diabetic Vascular Disease.- 15. Advanced Glycosylation Endproducts and Diabetic Vascular Disease.- 16. Hyperglycemia and Diabetes-Induced Vascular Dysfunction: Role of Oxidative Stress.- Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling.- 17. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension.- 18. Protein Kinases That mediate Redox-Sensitive Signal Transduction.- 19. Antioxidants and Restenosis: Animal Studies.

Editorial Reviews

3 Stars from Doody

This is a thorough but concise review of the mechanisms of oxidative stress and how it has only recently been shown to play a critical role in a variety of vascular disease states. The purpose, as outlined by the editor, is to define oxidative stress and its mechanisms and then delve into the specific interactions of oxidative stress and a host of pathologic vascular disease states both in animal studies and humans. These goals have been successfully achieved. The book is directed toward both basic scientists and clinicians with an interest in vascular biology. It is well written and at a level consistent with the anticipated audience. The editor has collected a competent group of scientists to assist in developing this book. The content is broken down into three main parts: the definition, mechanisms, and quanitification of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems; current hypotheses of the role of oxidative stress in vascular biology; and up-to-date animal and human studies to substantiate the current hypotheses. The references included in each section are extensive, current, and appropriate. Each chapter is accompanied by illustrations, tables, and/or graphs which are pleasing to the reader and allow for quick assessment of the data presented. The only shortcoming is the poor quality of the blot on page 187. This is a well-written and up-to-date reference on the pathophysiology of a variety of vascular disease states in which oxidative stress may play an intimate role.

Mark K. Eskandari

Keaney (medicine and pharmacology, Boston U.) presents 19 that deal with the hypothesis that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and accompanying disturbances of oxidant/antioxidant balances may contribute to the initiation and progression of lesions in coronary arterial disease. After covering the basic concepts of oxidative stress, the articles cover it's relationship to aspects of atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular disease, and hypertension. The main goal of the work is to assess the possibilities of using new antioxidant compounds in the treatment of vascular disease. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Booknews

Reviewer: Mark K Eskandari, MD, RVT (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)
Description: This is a thorough but concise review of the mechanisms of oxidative stress and how it has only recently been shown to play a critical role in a variety of vascular disease states.
Purpose: The purpose, as outlined by the editor, is to define oxidative stress and its mechanisms and then delve into the specific interactions of oxidative stress and a host of pathologic vascular disease states both in animal studies and humans. These goals have been successfully achieved.
Audience: The book is directed toward both basic scientists and clinicians with an interest in vascular biology. It is well written and at a level consistent with the anticipated audience. The editor has collected a competent group of scientists to assist in developing this book.
Features: The content is broken down into three main parts: the definition, mechanisms, and quanitification of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems; current hypotheses of the role of oxidative stress in vascular biology; and up-to-date animal and human studies to substantiate the current hypotheses. The references included in each section are extensive, current, and appropriate. Each chapter is accompanied by illustrations, tables, and/or graphs which are pleasing to the reader and allow for quick assessment of the data presented. The only shortcoming is the poor quality of the blot on page 187.
Assessment: This is a well-written and up-to-date reference on the pathophysiology of a variety of vascular disease states in which oxidative stress may play an intimate role.

Doody's Review Service