Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable Energy / Edition 1

by Yunus Cengel, John Cimbala, Mehmet Kanoglu

Overview

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Master the principles and applications of today’s renewable energy sources and systems


Written by a team of recognized experts and educators, this authoritative textbook offers comprehensive coverage of all major renewable energy sources. The book delves into the main renewable energy topics such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, biomass, tidal, and wave, as well as hydrogen and fuel cells. By stressing real-world relevancy and practical applications, Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable Energy helps prepare students for a successful career in renewable energy. The text contains detailed discussions on the thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics aspects of renewable energy systems in addition to technical and economic analyses. Numerous worked-out example problems and over 850 end-of-chapter review questions reinforce main concepts, formulations, design, and analysis.


Coverage includes:
•Renewable energy basics
•Thermal sciences overview
•Fundamentals and applications of
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydropower
Geothermal energy
Biomass energy
Ocean energy
Hydrogen and fuel cells
•Economics of renewable energy
•Energy and the environment

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781260455304
Publisher:	McGraw Hill LLC
Publication date:	06/05/2019
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	416
Product dimensions:	8.20(w) x 10.00(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Yunus A. Çengel is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nevada, Reno. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from North Carolina State University. His areas of interest are renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy policies, heat transfer enhancement, and engineering education. He served as the director of the Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at the University of Nevada, Reno, from 1996 to 2000. He has led teams of engineering students to numerous manufacturing facilities in Northern Nevada and California to perform industrial assessments, and has prepared energy conservation, waste minimization, and productivity enhancement reports for them. He has also served as an advisor for various government organizations and corporations.


Dr. Çengel is the recipient of several outstanding teacher awards, and he has received the ASEE Meriam/Wiley Distinguished Author Award for excellence in authorship in 1992 and again in 2000. Dr. Çengel is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Nevada, and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE).


John M. Cimbala is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, PA. He received his B.S. in Aerospace Engineering from Penn State and his M.S. in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology (CalTech). He received his Ph.D. in Aeronautics from CalTech in 1984. His research areas include experimental and computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer, turbulence, turbulence modeling, turbomachinery, indoor air quality, and air pollution control. More information can be found at www.mne.psu.edu/cimbala.
Professor Cimbala is the recipient of several outstanding teaching awards and views his book writing as an extension of his love of teaching. He is a member and Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He is also a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), and the American Physical Society (APS).


Mehmet Kanoğlu is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at University of Gaziantep. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from University of Nevada, Reno. His research areas include renewable energy systems, energy efficiency, refrigeration systems, gas liquefaction, hydrogen production and liquefaction, geothermal energy, and cogeneration. He is the author or coauthor of dozens of jour¬nal and conference papers.
Dr. Kanoğlu has taught courses at University of Nevada, Reno, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, American University of Sharjah, and Uni¬versity of Gaziantep. He is coauthor of the books Refrigeration Systems and Applications (2nd ed., Wiley, 2010), Efficiency Evaluation of Energy Systems (Springer, 2012), and Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (9th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2019).
Dr. Kanoğlu has served as an instructor in certified energy manager train¬ing programs and as an expert for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. He instructed numerous training courses and gave lectures and presentations on renewable energy systems and energy efficiency. He has also served as advisor for state research funding organizations and industrial companies.

Yunus A. Çengel is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nevada, Reno. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from North Carolina State University. His areas of interest are renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy policies, heat transfer enhancement, and engineering education. He served as the director of the Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at the University of Nevada, Reno, from 1996 to 2000. He has led teams of engineering students to numerous manufacturing facilities in Northern Nevada and California to perform industrial assessments, and has prepared energy conservation, waste minimization, and productivity enhancement reports for them. He has also served as an advisor for various government organizations and corporations.
Dr. Çengel is also the author or coauthor of the widely adopted textbooks Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists (2013), Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences (5th ed., 2017), Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (4th ed., 2018), Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (9th ed., 2019), and Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications (6th ed., 2020), and all published by McGraw-Hill Education. Some of his textbooks have been translated into Chinese (Long and Short Forms), Japanese, Korean, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Turkish, Greek, Tai, and Basq.
Dr. Çengel is the recipient of several outstanding teacher awards, and he has received the ASEE Meriam/Wiley Distinguished Author Award for excellence in authorship in 1992 and again in 2000. Dr. Çengel is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Nevada, and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE).

John M. Cimbala is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsyl¬vania State University (Penn State), University Park, PA. He received his B.S. in Aerospace Engi-neering from Penn State and his M.S. in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology (CalTech). He received his Ph.D. in Aeronautics from CalTech in 1984. His research areas include experimental and computational fluid mechan¬ics and heat transfer, turbulence, turbulence modeling, turbomachinery, indoor air quality, and air pollution control. Professor Cimbala completed sabbatical leaves at NASA Langley Research Center (1993–94), where he advanced his knowledge of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and at Weir American Hydro (2010–11), where he performed CFD analyses to assist in the design of hydroturbines.
Dr. Cimbala is the author or coauthor of dozens of journal and conference papers and is the coauthor of four other textbooks: Indoor Air Quality Engi¬neering: Environmental Health and Control of Indoor Pollutants (2003), pub¬lished by Marcel-Dekker, Inc.; Essentials of Fluid Mechanics (2008); Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences (5th ed., 2017), and Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (4th ed., 2018), all published by McGraw-Hill Education. He has also contributed to parts of other books, and is the author or coauthor of dozens of journal and conference papers. He has also recently ventured into writing novels. More information can be found at www.mne.psu.edu/cimbala.
Professor Cimbala is the recipient of several outstanding teaching awards and views his book writing as an extension of his love of teaching. He is a member and Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He is also a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), and the American Physical Society (APS).

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Chapter 1 Introduction to Renewable Energy 1

1-1 Why Renewable Energy? 1

Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion 5

Renewable Energy Sources 7

1-2 Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy 9

Coal 9

Oil 11

Natural Gas 12

Nuclear Energy 13

Electricity 15

References 15

Problems 15

Chapter 2 A Review of Thermal Sciences 19

2-1 Thermal Sciences 19

2-2 Thermodynamics 19

Heat and Other Forms of Energy 20

Specific Heats of Gases, Liquids, and Solids 21

Energy Transfer 23

The First Law of Thermodynamics 24

Energy Balance for Closed Systems 25

Energy Balance for Steady-Flow Systems 25

Saturation Temperature and Saturation Pressure 27

2-3 Heat Transfer 29

Conduction Heat Transfer 29

Thermal Conductivity 31

Convection Heat Transfer 35

Radiation Heat Transfer 37

2-4 Fluid Mechanics 41

Viscosity 42

Pressure Drop in Fluid Flow in Pipes 44

2-5 Thermochemistry 49

Fuels and Combustion 49

Theoretical and Actual Combustion Processes 51

Enthalpy of Formation and Enthalpy of Combustion 52

First-Law Analysis of Reacting Systems 55

2-6 Heat Engines and Power Plants 58

Thermal Efficiency 60

Overall Plant Efficiency 62

2-7 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps 63

References 65

Problems 65

Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Solar Energy 77

3-1 Introduction 77

3-2 Radiation Fundamentals 77

Blackbody Radiation 80

3-3 Radiative Properties 84

Emissivity 85

Absorptivity, Reflectivity, and Transmissivity 85

The Greenhouse Effect 88

3-4 Solar Radiation 89

3-5 Solar Data 96

References 99

Problems 99

Chapter 4 Solar Energy Applications 105

4-1 Introduction 105

4-2 Flat-Plate Solar Collector 106

4-3 Concentrating Solar Collector 111

4-4 Solar-Power-Tower Plant 114

4-5 Solar Pond 117

4-6 Photovoltaic Cell 118

4-7 Passive Solar Applications 123

Trombe Wall 124

Solar Heat Gain through Windows 124

References 131

Problems 131

Chapter 5 Wind Energy 139

5-1 Introduction 139

5-2 Wind Turbine Types and Power Performance Curve 140

5-3 Wind Power Potential 143

5-4 Wind Power Density 145

5-5 Wind Turbine Efficiency 147

Betz Limit for Wind Turbine Efficiency 148

5-6 Considerations in Wind Power Applications 153

References 157

Problems 158

Chapter 6 Hydropower 163

6-1 Introduction 163

6-2 Analysis of a Hydroelectric Power Plant 165

6-3 Impulse Turbines 173

6-4 Reaction Turbines 177

6-5 Turbine Specific Speed 185

6-6 Run-of-River Plants and Waterwheels 186

References 189

Problems 189

Chapter 7 Geothermal Energy 195

7-1 Introduction 195

7-2 Geothermal Applications 197

7-3 Geothermal Heating 198

Degree-Day Method for Annual Energy Consumption 200

7-4 Geothermal Cooling 205

Absorption Cooling System 205

7-5 Geothermal Heat Pump Systems 208

Heat Pump Systems 209

Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems 210

7-6 Geothermal Power Production 215

7-7 Geothermal Cogeneration 226

References 230

Problems 230

Chapter 8 Biomass Energy 243

8-1 Introduction 243

8-2 Biomass Resources 243

8-3 Conversion of Biomass to Biofuel 244

8-4 Biomass Products 245

Ethanol 245

Biodiesel 246

Methanol 246

Pyrolysis Oil 247

Biogas 247

Producer Gas 248

Synthesis Gas 248

8-5 Electricity and Heat Production by Biomass 249

8-6 Solid Municipality Waste 250

References 255

Problems 255

Chapter 9 Ocean Energy 261

9-1 Introduction 261

9-2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 261

9-3 Wave Energy 265

Power Production from Waves 266

Wave Power Technologies 270

9-4 Tidal Energy 272

References 277

Problems 277

Chapter 10 Hydrogen and Fuel Ceils 281

10-1 Hydrogen: An Energy Carrier 281

10-2 Fuel Cells 286

Thermodynamic Analysis of Fuel Cells 289

References 297

Problems 297

Chapter 11 Economics of Renewable Energy 301

11-1 Engineering Economics 301

11-2 The Time Value of Money 302

Effect of Inflation and Taxation on Interest Rate 305

11-3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 306

Cost-Benefit Analysis 306

Unit Product Cost 309

Comparison of Projects Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis 309

11-4 Payback Period Analysis 311

References 313

Problems 313

Chapter 12 Energy and the Environment 319

12-1 Introduction 319

12-2 Air Pollutants 321

Particulate Matter 324

Sulfur Dioxide 325

Nitrogen Oxides 329

Hydrocarbons 331

Carbon Monoxide 332

Ozone, Smog, and Acid Rain 333

12-3 Emissions from Automobiles 336

Catalytic Converters 339

12-4 The Greenhouse Effect 342

CO₂ Production 344

12-5 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 350

12-6 Nuclear Waste 351

References 352

Problems 353

Appendix 1 Property Tables (Si Units) 359

Appendix 2 Property Tables (English Units) 371

Index 385