From Dual to Cooperative Federalism: The Changing Structure of European Law available in Hardcover, eBook
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From Dual to Cooperative Federalism: The Changing Structure of European Law
- ISBN-10:
- 0199238588
- ISBN-13:
- 9780199238583
- Pub. Date:
- 12/20/2009
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- ISBN-10:
- 0199238588
- ISBN-13:
- 9780199238583
- Pub. Date:
- 12/20/2009
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
![From Dual to Cooperative Federalism: The Changing Structure of European Law](http://img.images-bn.com/static/redesign/srcs/images/grey-box.png?v11.9.4)
From Dual to Cooperative Federalism: The Changing Structure of European Law
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$170.00Overview
But what federal philosophy has the European Union followed? The special part of the book investigates the structure of European law. Three arguments are advanced to show the evolution of the European legal order from dual to cooperative federalism. The first looks at the decline of constitutional exclusivity on the part of the Member States and the European Union. For almost all objects of government, the Union and its States operate in a universe of shared powers. The second argument analyses the decline of legislative exclusivity. European and national legislation - increasingly - complement each other to solve a social problem. The third argument describes the 'constitutionalisation' of cooperative federalism in the form of the principle of subsidiarity and the idea of complementary competences. A final Chapter is dedicated to Europe's foreign affairs federalism. It analyses, whether the external sphere must be regarded as subject to different constitutional or federal principles. The book concludes that cooperative federalism will benefit both levels of government - the Union and the Member States - as the constitutional mechanism of uniform European standards complemented by diverse national standards best expresses the federal idea of 'unity in diversity'.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780199238583 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Publication date: | 12/20/2009 |
Series: | Oxford Studies in European Law |
Pages: | 430 |
Product dimensions: | 6.30(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.20(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Table of Cases xvii
Table of Legislation xxv
Abbreviations xxxv
Introduction: Corning to Constitutional Terms 1
General Part Federalism in America and Europe
Chapter 1 Federal Tradition(s) and the European Union 13
Introduction: Federalism and (Inter)national Law 14
I The Federal Principle: Three Legal Traditions 15
1 The Classic Tradition: The 'International'Format of the Federal Principle 16
2 The American Tradition: The 'Mixed' Format of the Federal Principle 22
3 The European Tradition: The 'Nationall' Format of the Federal Principle 30
a Conceptual Polarization: 'Confederation' versus 'Federation' 31
b Early Criticism: The European Tradition and the (missing) Federal Genus 36
II The European Union: American and European Perspectives 40
1 The 'Supranational' Europe: A (Very) Brief History 41
2 The European Union in the Light of the American Tradition 47
a The Foundational Dimension: Europe's 'Constitutional Treaty' 48
b The Institutional Dimension: A European Union of States and People(s) 52
c The Functional Dimension: The Division of Powers in Europe 56
d Overall Classification: The European Union on Federal 'Middle Ground' 58
3 The European Union in the Light of the European Tradition 58
a Posing the Sovereignty Question: The 'Maastricht Decision' 60
b Europe's Statist Tradition Unearthed: Three Constitutional Denials 63
Conclusion: The European Union as a 'Federation of States' 69
Chapter 2 Federal Philosophies and the Structure of American Law 75
Introduction: Federal Philosophies and Constitutional Structures 76
I The 'New Nationalism': The Decline of Constitutional Exclusivity 80
1 Expanding the Federal Universe: The Decline of State 'Police Powers' 84
2 Changing Nature: From Exclusive to Concurrent Power 88
II The 'New Federalism': The Decline of Legislative Exclusivity 94
1 From Concurrent to Shared Powers: The Decline of 'Classic' Pre-emption 96
a The Rise of the Modern Pre-emption Framework 98
b Changing Judicial Philosophies: The 'New Federalism' 101
2 Changing Nature: From Constitutional to Legislative 'Pre-emption 105
Excursus-The Foreign Affairs 'Exception' 108
1 Foreign Affairs and the Treaty-Making Power: Dual Federalism Constitutionalized 109
a Constitutional Certainties: The Unitary Scope of the Federal Treaty Power 110
b Constitutional Ambivalences: The Treaty-Making Powers of the States 113
2 Foreign Affairs and Internal Legislation: Dual Federalism De-Constitutionalized? 116
Conclusion: The Changing Structure of American Law 122
Special Part The Changing Structure of European Law
Chapter 3 The Decline of Constitutional Exclusivity 129
Introduction: Federalism and Exclusive Powers 130
I Europe's Expanding Sphere: The Decline of State 'Police Powers' 132
1 Europe's 'Necessary and Proper Clause': The Scope of Article 308 EC 133
a Internal Limits: Legislation Necessary in the Course of the Common Market 135
b External Limits: The 'Constitutional Identity' of the European Community 139
l Europe's 'Commerce Clause(s)': The Scope of Articles 94 and 95 EC 143
a Internal Limits: Harmonization of National Laws for the Internal Market 144
b External Limits: Constitutional 'Saving Clauses' for State 'Police Powers'? 149
3 The European Union and the Problem of Competence-Competence 151
II Europe's Contracting Sphere: The Decline of Federal Exclusive Powers 156
1 Dual Federalism Constitutionalized: The Genesis of Exclusive Powers 157
a Judicial Genesis no 1: The Common Commercial Policy 158
b Judicial Genesis no 2: The Conservation of Biological Resources of the Sea 162
2 Ontological Deformations: Restrictive Interpretation and 'Partial Exclusivity' 167
3 The Delegation Doctrine: How Exclusive are Europe's 'Exclusive' Powers? 173
a Delegation within the CCP: From Specific Authorization to Carte Blanche 175
b Delegation within the Conservation Policy: Cooperative Federalism at Sea? 179
Conclusion: European Federalism and Exclusive Powers 184
Chapter 4 The Decline of Legislative Exclusivity 189
Introduction: European Federalism and Shared Powers 190
I The Commerce Clause(s): Harmonization in the Internal Market 192
1 The Two Dimensions of European Legislation: Scope and Intensity 194
2 Harmonization under the 'Old Approach': Shared Powers and Dual Federalism 199
3 Harmonization under the 'New Approach': The Rise of Cooperative Federalism 205
a Reducing Europe's Scope: Cassis de Dijon and the Commission's 'New Strategy' 205
b The 'New Approach' to Harmonization: From Vertical to Horizontal Legislation 207
II The Common Agricultural Policy: A Policy Unlike Any Other? 215
1 The 'Old' CAP: Common Market Organizations as Vertical Legislation 217
a The Exclusionary Effect of CMOs: Between 'Field' and 'Obstacle' Pre-emption 220
b National Caveats: Delegated Community Powers or Autonomous State Powers? 225
2 The 'New' CAP: From Vertical to Horizontal Legislation 230
a Restructuring the CAP: From Product to Producer Support 231
b The Rise of Cooperative Federalism: 'Breaking up' Occupied Fields? 235
Conclusion: European Federalism and Shared Powers 237
Chapter 5 Cooperative Federalism Constitutionalized 241
Introduction: The Constitutional Safeguards of Cooperative Federalism 242
I The Principle of Subsidiarity: A Political Safeguard of Federalism 243
1 Subsidiarity De Lege Lata: A Textual Genealogy 247
a Constitutional Clarifications: From Edinburgh to Amsterdam 251
b Judicial Clarifications: Subsidiarity and Proportionality 253
2 Subsidiarity De Lege Ferenda: Strengthening the Safeguards of Federalism 256
a Strengthening the Political Safeguards of Federalism 257
b Strengthening the Judicial Safeguards of Federalism 261
II Complementary Competences: A Judicial Safeguard of Federalism 265
1 Environmental Policy: A Constitutional Commitment to Minimum Harmonization 270
a Article 175 EC: Soft or Hard Constitutional Frame? 272
b The Scope of Article 176 EC: Cutting Across the Treaty? 277
2 Public Health: Novel Constitutional Techniques 279
Conclusion: The Constitutional Safeguards of Cooperative Federalism 284
Chapter 6 Excursus: A Foreign Affairs 'Exception'? 287
Introduction: The European Union and Foreign Affairs 288
I Europe's International Powers: Dual Federalism in the External Sphere 290
1 Parallel External Powers: Existence and Scope 291
a From ERTA to the 'Triumph of Parallelism' 292
b Towards a Theory of Implied External Powers: Three Conceptions 297
2 Parallel External Powers: Essence and Exercise 303
a The Theory of Subsequent Exclusivity: The ERTA Doctrine 305
b Political Safeguards: Mixed Agreements as a Federal Technique 308
II Theory and Practice: Towards Cooperative Federalism? 311
1 Constitutional Theory: The Slowly Emergent Doctrine of Community Supremacy 312
a Normative Ambivalences: International Agreements between (all) Member States 313
b A Flight into Dual Federalism: Member States' Agreements with Third States 320
2 Constitutional Practice: The ERTA Doctrine and Cooperative Federalism 329
Conclusion: The European Union and Foreign Affairs 340
Conclusion: Europe's Gemeinweg towards Cooperative Federalism 345
Bibliography 353
Index 381