Table of Contents
Contributors vii
Preface ix
1 Dr. Norman E. Borlaug: Twentieth Century Lessons for the Twenty-First Century World Kenneth M. Quinn 1
1 Introduction 2
2 Iowa Roots 3
3 Minnesota and a Focus on Plant Pathology and Wheat 4
4 Confronting Poverty in Mexico 5
5 India, Pakistan, and the Green Revolution 6
6 The Impact in Asia 7
7 The Nobel Peace Prize 8
8 Bringing the Green Revolution to Africa 9
9 The World Food Prize 9
10 Inspiring the Leaders of Tomorrow 10
11 A Lasting Global Legacy 12
12 Extraordinary Recognition for a Humble Man 13
2 Contaminants as Tracers for Studying Dynamics of Soil Formation: Mining an Ocean of Opportunities Jonatan Klaminder Kyungsoo Yoo 15
1 Introduction 16
2 Outlining the Quest for New Tracers of Soil Formation 20
3 Atmospherically Derived Lead and SCPs: Tracers of What? 21
4 Constraining Mass Fluxes Involved in Geochemical Evolution of Soils 34
5 Lead and SCP as a Tracer of Organic Matter Dynamics 45
6 Conclusions 47
Acknowledgments 50
References 50
3 Epigenetics: The Second Genetic Code Nathan M. Springer Shawn M. Kaeppler 59
1 Introduction 60
2 Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Inheritance 60
3 Epigenetic Phenomena in Plants 65
4 Epigenetic Inheritance and Crop Improvement 71
References 73
4 Microbial Distribution in Soils: Physics and Scaling I. M. Young J. W. Crawford N. Nunan W. Otten A. Spiers 81
1 Soil as a Habitat 82
2 What Characteristics of Structure Matter and Why? 84
3 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Microbes 90
4 Habitat-Biofilm Interactions 99
5 Habitat-Microbe Interactions 105
6 Future 112
References 112
5 Nanoscale Particles and Processes: ANew Dimension in Soil Science Patricia A. Maurice Michael F. Hochella 123
1 Nanoscience as a Key Element of Soil Science 124
2 Nanoparticles and Nanominerals 125
3 Nanoparticles in Soils 127
4 Some Nano-scale Techniques for Soils Applications 131
5 The Unique World of the Nanoparticle 135
6 Why Nanoparticles Behave Differently 139
7 Nanoparticle Stability: Size and More than Size Matter 140
8 Nanoparticle Mobility in Soils and Sediments 144
9 Nanoparticle Effects on Pollutant Transport and Bioavailability 146
10 Nanoparticle Toxicity in Soil Environments 147
11 The Special Role of the Soil Sciences in Environmental Nanoscience 148
Acknowledgments 149
References 149
6 Combining Biomarker with Stable Isotope Analyses for Assessing the Transformation and Turnover Soil Organic Matter W. Amelung S. Brodowski A. Sandhage-Hofmann R. Bol 155
1 Introduction 156
2 Major Biomarkers 159
3 Using Carbon Isotopes in SOM Studies 180
4 Biomarker Specific Stable Isotope Analyses 188
5 Conclusions and Perspectives 220
Acknowledgments 222
References 226
Index 251
