Table of Contents
Series Foreword James A. Banks vii
Acknowledgments xiii
1 The Role of the Public Policy Arena in Educating Latino Students 1
The Critical Importance of Public Policy in Investing in Human Capital 6
Demography and the Growing Latino Presence in the United States 10
Policy Context for Anti-Immigrant Sentiment and its Impact on Education 10
Creating an Education Policy Agenda That Addresses Latino Student Needs 23
2 Falling Through the Cracks: Who Transitions to College and Who Doesn't? 24
Differential Opportunities to Learn 25
Graduation Rates and Policies 40
The Pathway to College 44
Who Goes to College and Who Graduates? 49
Conclusion 51
3 Educating Latino Students in an Era of High-Stakes Testing, Accountability, and Assessment 53
Context for Accountability 54
No Child Left Behind 57
The Achievement Gap as a Reflection of the Educational Opportunity Gap 60
English Learners in the Accountability Framework 66
Plausible Explanations for Gaps in Achievement 67
Conclusion 74
4 The Role of Financial Aid, Tuition Policy, and Affordability in Latino Higher Education Access 78
Socioeconomic Status 79
A Case Study of Washington 80
Historical and Policy Context for Financial Aid 85
Trends in College Pricing 88
Conclusion 95
5 Undocumented Latino Students and the Dream of Pursuing College 97
National Context for Unauthorized Students in Higher Education 98
The Policy Context in Washington State 100
Literature on Undocumented Students and Persistence 100
A Look at the Experiences of Undocumented Students Attempting to Finish College 106
Looking Beyond the College Degree: Policy Considerations 117
Conclusion 120
6 Anti-Affirmative Action Policies and Latino Student Access to Public Higher Education 121
Policy Context 123
Exploring the Concepts of Access and Equity in Higher Education 126
California Post-Proposition 209 127
The Case of Washington State Post-I-200 134
Percent Plans-Mixed Reviews? 139
Moving Forward: The Concept of Equity as a Consideration 141
7 The "Sleeping Giant" Is Awake: Raising Latino Student Achievement and Success Through Education Policy 143
Effectively Utilizing the Legal Arena to Promote Educational Equity 144
Finances and Resources 147
Moving an Education Policy Agenda Forward 150
The Pathway to Shaping Educational Policy 159
Conclusion 162
Notes 163
References 165
Index 185
About the Author 193
