Table of Contents
Contents
Note. Each chapter includes Key Terms; Matching, Multiple-Choice, Fill in the Blank, and Short-Answer Questions; Visual Connection; Applying Your Knowledge; Exercises; Answers to Confidence Exercises; Answers to Questions; and On the Web.
- 1. Measurement
- 1.1. The Physical Sciences
- 1.2. The Scientific Method and Attitude
- Highlight: The "Face" on Mars
- 1.3. The Senses
- 1.4. Standard Units and Systems of Units
- A Spotlight On: Fundamental Quantities
- 1.5. More on the Metric System
- 1.6. Derived Units and Conversion Factors
- Highlight: Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is.
- 1.7. Significant Figures
- 2. Motion
- 2.1. Defining Motion
- 2.2. Speed and Velocity
- 2.3. Acceleration
- Highlight: Galileo and the Leaning Tower of Pisa
- 2.4. Acceleration in Uniform Circular Motion
- 2.5. Projectile Motion
- 3. Force and Motion
- 3.1. Force and Net Force
- 3.2. Newton's First Law of Motion
- 3.3. Newton's Second Law of Motion
- 3.4. Newton's Third Law of Motion
- 3.5. Newton's Law of Gravitation
- Highlight: The "Fourth Law of Motion": The Automobile Air Bag
- A Spotlight On: Newton's Laws of Motion
- Highlight: Some Effects of Apparent Weightlessness on the Human Body
- 3.6. Momentum
- 4. Work and Energy
- 4.1. Work
- 4.2. Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
- 4.3. Conservation of Energy
- 4.4. Power
- 4.5. Forms and Sources of Energy
- Highlight: Fill It Up...with Hydrogen
- 5. Temperature and Heat
- 5.1. Temperature
- 5.2. Heat
- Highlight: Freezing from the Top Down
- 5.3.Specific Heat and Latent Heat
- 5.4. Heat Transfer
- 5.5. Phases of Matter
- 5.6. The Kinetic Theory of Gases
- Highlight: Hot Gases: Aerosol Cans and Popcorn
- 5.7. Thermodynamics
- 6. Waves
- 6.1. Waves and Energy Propagation
- 6.2. Wave Properties
- 6.3. Electromagnetic Waves
- 6.4. Sound Waves
- Highlight: Noise Exposure Limit
- 6.5. The Doppler Effect
- 6.6. Standing Waves and Resonance
- 7. Optics and Wave Effects
- 7.1. Reflection
- 7.2. Refraction and Dispersion
- 7.3. Spherical Mirrors
- Highlight: The Rainbow: Dispersion and Internal Reflection
- 7.4. Lenses
- 7.5. Polarization
- 7.6. Diffraction and Interference
- Highlight: Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
- 8. Electricity and Magnetism
- 8.1. Electric Charge and Current
- Highlight: Photocopiers
- 8.2. Voltage and Electrical Power
- 8.3. Simple Electric Circuits and Electrical Safety
- 8.4. Magnetism
- Highlight: Electrical Safety
- 8.5. Electromagnetism
- Highlight: Physics "Factinos"
- 9. Atomic Physics
- 9.1. Early Concepts of the Atom
- 9.2. The Dual Nature of Light
- Highlight: Albert Einstein
- 9.3. Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
- 9.4. Microwave Ovens, X-Rays, and Lasers
- Highlight: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
- 9.5. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
- 9.6. Matter Waves
- Highlight: Electron Microscopes
- 9.7. The Electron Cloud Model of the Atom
- A Spotlight On: The Changing Model of the Atom
- 10. Nuclear Physics
- 10.1. Symbols of the Elements
- 10.2. The Atomic Nucleus
- 10.3. Radioactivity and Half-Life
- A Spotlight On: Atomic Structure
- Highlight: The Discovery of Radioactivity
- 10.4. Nuclear Reactions
- 10.5. Nuclear Fission
- 10.6. Nuclear Fusion
- Highlight: The Origins of the Atomic Bomb
- 10.7. Biological Effects of Radiation
- Highlight: Nuclear Power and Waste Disposal
- 11. The Chemical Elements
- 11.1. Classification of Matter
- Highlight: The Lake Nyos "Monster"
- 11.2. Discovery of the Elements
- 11.3. Occurrence of the Elements
- 11.4. The Periodic Table
- 11.5. Naming Compounds
- 11.6. Groups of Elements
- A Spotlight On: Naming Compounds
- 12. Chemical Bonding
- 12.1. Law of Conservation of Mass
- Highlight: Lavoisier: The Father of Chemistry
- 12.2. Law of Definite Proportions
- 12.3. Dalton's Atomic Theory
- 12.4. Ionic Bonding
- 12.5. Covalent Bonding
- 12.6. Hydrogen Bonding
- Highlight: What You Don't Know Can Hurt You!
- 13. Chemical Reactions
- 13.1. Balancing Chemical Equations
- 13.2. Energy and Rate of Reaction
- Highlight: Chemistry "Factinos"
- 13.3. Acids and Bases
- Highlight: Chemistry and Tooth Enamel
- 13.4. Single-Replacement Reactions
- 13.5. Avogadro's Number
- A Spotlight On: Reaction Types
- 14. Organic Chemistry
- 14.1. Bonding in Organic Compounds
- 14.2. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Highlight: Breakthroughs!
- 14.3. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
- 14.4. Derivatives of Hydrocarbons
- 14.5. Synthetic Polymers
- A Spotlight On: Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives
- Highlight: Stick It to Them!
- 15. Place and Time
- 15.1. Cartesian Coordinates
- 15.2. Latitude and Longitude
- 15.3. Time
- Highlight: The Concept of Time
- 15.4. Determining Latitude and Longitude
- Highlight: Daylight Saving Time
- 15.5. The Seasons and the Calendar
- 15.5. Precession of the Earth's Axis
- A Spotlight On: Place and Time
- 16. The Solar System
- 16.1. The Solar System: An Overview
- 16.2. The Planet EarthThird Planet from the Sun
- 16.3. The Terrestrial Planets
- A Spotlight On: The Terrestrial Planets
- 16.4. The Jovian Planets and Pluto
- Highlight: Galileo Mission to Jupiter: The Little Spacecraft That Could
- A Spotlight On: The Jovian Planets and Pluto
- 16.5. The Origin of the Solar System
- 16.6. Other Planetary Systems
- 17. Moons and Other Solar System Objects
- 17.1. Features of the Earth's Moon
- 17.2. Lunar Motional Effects: Phases, Eclipses, and Tides
- Highlight: Seeing Only One Side of the Moon
- A Spotlight On: The Moon
- 17.3. Moons of the Terrestrial Planets
- 17.4. Moons of the Jovian Planets and Pluto
- 17.5. Other Solar System Objects: Asteroids, Meteoroids, Comets, and Interplanetary Dust
- Highlight: Risks from AsteroidsThe Torino Scale
- Highlight: Catching a Comet by the Tail
- 18. The Universe
- 18.1. The Sun
- 18.2. The Celestial Sphere
- 18.3. Classifying Stars
- 18.4. The Life Cycle of Low-Mass Stars
- 18.5. The Life Cycle of High-Mass Stars
- 18.6. Galaxies
- 18.7. Cosmology
- Highlight: The Age of the Universe
- Highlight: Astronomy "Factinos"
- 19. The Atmosphere
- 19.1. Composition and Structure
- 19.2. Atmospheric Energy Content
- Highlight: Blue Skies and Red Sunsets
- Highlight: The Greenhouse Effect
- 19.3. Atmospheric Measurements and Observations
- 19.4. Air Motion
- 19.5. Clouds
- A Spotlight On: Cloud Families and Types
- 20. Atmospheric Effects
- 20.1. Condensation and Precipitation
- 20.2. Air Masses
- Highlight: El Niño and La Niña
- 20.3. Storms
- Highlight: Wind Chill Temperature Index
- Highlight: Naming Hurricanes
- 20.4. Atmospheric Pollution
- 20.5. Pollution and Climate
- Highlight: The Ozone Hole
- Highlight: Meteorology "Factinos"
- 21. Minerals, Rocks, and Igneous Activity
- 21.1. Minerals
- 21.2. Rocks
- Highlight: Rare Beauties: Gems
- 21.3. Igneous Rocks
- A Spotlight On: The Rock Cycle
- 21.4. Igneous Activity
- 21.5. Sedimentary Rocks
- 21.6. Metamorphic Rocks
- 22. Structural Geology
- 22.1. Continental Draft and Seafloor Spreading
- 22.2. Plate Tectonics
- Highlight: Tracking Plate Motion
- A Spotlight On: Plate Boundaries
- 22.3. Earthquakes and the Earth's Interior
- Highlight: Earthquake Risk in the Conterminous United States
- Highlight: Deadly Tsunamis
- 22.4. Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building
- 23. Surface Processes
- 23.1. Weathering
- 23.2. Erosion
- A Spotlight On: Weathering
- Highlight: The World's Greatest Flood
- 23.3. Groundwater
- 23.4. Shoreline and Seafloor Topography
- Highlight: Tube Worms and "Black Smokers"
- 24. Geologic Time
- 24.1. Fossils
- 24.2. Relative Geologic Dating
- 24.3. Radiometric Dating
- Highlight: Geology "Factinos"
- 24.4. The Age of the Earth
- 24.5. The Geologic Time Scale
- A Spotlight On: The Geologic Time Scale
- Highlight: The K-T Event: The Disappearance of the Dinosaurs
- Appendixes
- I. The Seven Base Units of the International System of Units (SI)
- II. Solving Mathematical Problems in Science
- III. Equation Rearrangement
- IV. Analysis of Units
- V. Positive and Negative Numbers
- VI. Powers-of-10 Notation
- VII. Significant Figures
- VIII. Psychometric Tables
- IX. Seasonal Star Charts