Read an Excerpt
CHAPTER 1
your questions about inflammation, answered
The word "inflammation" is one of the newest medical buzz words. And with good reason! Inflammation has become a huge area of interest to medical researchers as they are beginning to discover that it may play a critical role in the occurrence of many chronic health conditions and diseases. Not all inflammation is bad, and we will find out more about what it actually is and the difference between acute and chronic inflammation in this chapter.
What Is the Difference Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation?
Although the word "inflammation" may not always conjure up the best thoughts, not all inflammation is entirely bad. Acute inflammation is part of the body's immune response and the body's attempt to protect itself from infection and further harm. For example, if you have an injury such as a cut or scrape on your skin or you take a blow to your knee, or even if you have a bacterial infection in your lungs such as bronchitis, the signs and symptoms of inflammation display a biological response by the body to remove harmful stimuli and begin the healing process. During the inflammation process, the body produces white blood cells and other substances to protect itself from foreign organisms. Cuts, wounds, infections, and damage to tissue would not heal without acute inflammation. Acute inflammation comes on quick, is short-lasting, and is a very normal and necessary process to help protect our body. In this case, it's a good thing.
Your Nutrition Solution Tidbit
Inflammation does not always mean an infection is present. An infection is normally caused by bacteria, a virus, or fungus, whereas acute inflammation is the body's response to that specific infection.
On the flip side of the inflammation coin is chronic inflammation, which is a whole other story. This type of inflammation is long-lasting and ongoing, from several months to years, and plays a more puzzling role in the body. Chronic inflammation can occur from acute inflammation that has a persistent stimulus and/or when your body loses the ability to turn off the acute inflammatory response and the inflammation then begins to damage healthy tissue and cells without foreign invaders present. Chronic inflammation can be caused from an autoimmune response as well, which can damage many parts of the body from your digestive system to your heart to your joints. The body basically responds as if healthy tissue is infected or abnormal, even though it is not. The problem occurs when chronic inflammation eventually affects the healthy tissue, causing or becoming the root problem in many health conditions and diseases.
Your Nutrition Solution Tidbit
Chronic inflammation is also sometimes referred to as systemic inflammation, which happens when inflammation moves beyond the affected tissues and into the lining of the blood vessels and organs. This can seriously affect your health and cause a host of health issues.
What Health Conditions and Diseases Are Associated With Inflammation?
There are a wide variety of health issues that are associated with both acute and chronic inflammation. In addition, there are many autoimmune disorders that can cause the body's immune system to mistakenly initiate an inflammatory response even though there is nothing to fight off.
Examples of health conditions that are associated with acute inflammation include: • Acute bronchitis.
• Infected ingrown toe nail.
• A cut or bump.
• Sore throat.
• Acute sinusitis.
• Acute tonsillitis.
• Acute appendicitis.
• Stuffy nose.
• Sprained ankle.
• Burn to the skin.
The development of a specific health condition depends on the particular site where the inflammatory response occurs. For example, if the response or disruption occurs in the intestinal cells, this can lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's Disease or ulcerative colitis. Although different health conditions and diseases will have different underlying factors that might trigger it, the mechanism that links chronic inflammation and disease is evidenced by the same progression.
Examples of health conditions that are associated with chronic inflammation that are inflammatory by nature or an autoimmune disorder include: • Asthma.
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
• Lupus.
• Fibromyalgia (often a set of symptoms associated with another autoimmune disorder).
• Chronic sinusitis.
• Tendonitis.
• Diverticulitis (can also be associated with acute inflammation).
• Gingivitis.
• Gluten sensitive conditions/celiac disease.
• Psoriasis.
• Atherosclerosis/heart disease.
• Type 2 diabetes/insulin resistance.
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Additionally, there are other health issues that researches are now finding may have chronic inflammation as their root cause, including atherosclerosis/heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, certain types of cancer, allergies, gallbladder disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and maybe even Alzheimer's disease. Heart disease is the number-one killer for Americans, but did you know that one of the biggest causes of heart disease is inflammation? Inflammation can also trigger an increase in the "bad" cholesterol or low density lipoproteins (LDL), which are a major risk factor for heart disease. You can change your diet and lifestyle to lower cholesterol, or even take medications, but if you don't get to the root cause of chronic inflammation, you won't get to the bottom of the problem in order to solve it. It is quite the domino effect. That is where our diet comes in. The greatest source of inflammation for most Americans is their everyday diet, whether they have a poor diet or hidden food sensitivities and intolerances. And that is something we all have control over.
Is Fibromyalgia an Inflammation-Related Disorder?
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disorder that in general causes widespread muscle and joint pain, painful tender points, crippling fatigue, and a number of other harsh symptoms including depression. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions after osteoarthritis, especially for women, and most experts tend to group it with arthritis-related disorders even though it is not truly a form of arthritis. However, fibromyalgia is considered a rheumatic condition, which is a medical disorder that impairs the joints and/or soft tissue and causes chronic pain. It does not cause inflammation and damage to joints as arthritis does.
The cause of this disorder is still unclear. It may deal with genes and run in families, and it most often materializes due to a triggering factor, many times rheumatic in nature, such as lupus, osteoarthritis, and/or rheumatoid arthritis. Even though fibromyalgia does cause inflammation, much of the way it is treated and dealt with is the same as methods for helping to reduce inflammation including medications, exercise, sleep habits, relaxation, and possibly diet. The benefits of adding or avoiding specific foods can be different for every individual, so keeping a food diary can be extremely helpful in identifying personal triggers for pain and also for which foods might make you feel better. Following the tips in this book can possibly help and surely can't hurt.
What Causes Inflammation?
When acute inflammation occurs, chemicals from our body's white blood cells are released into the bloodstream and/or affected tissues to protect that area from foreign substances. The release of chemicals in turn increases the blood flow to the area, which usually results in the redness, swelling, and warmth that you feel when you have inflammation. The whole process, though protective, can sometimes cause pain by stimulating nerves.
Chronic inflammation, as we mentioned before, can be related to the failure of the body to eliminate whatever was causing the acute inflammation or the presence of a persistent stimulus causing acute inflammation to evolve into chronic inflammation. This stimulus can be a host of free radicals that come from highly processed foods we eat every day, it could be an allergy or intolerance to gluten or other food substances which in turn inflames the lining of the gut, or a low-grade lingering infection that we are not even aware of. Chronic inflammation can also be caused by an autoimmune response — basically your immune system attacking your healthy cells and tissue, mistaking them for something that is harmful even though they are not. The pain in chronic inflammation, such as in a joint, can be caused by an increased number of cells and inflammatory substances within the area that cause irritation and swelling. In the example of the joint, the swelling of the joint lining eventually wears down the cartilage, which is the cushioning at the end of the bones, causing pain.
Other possible inflammation triggers can include obesity, anxiety, food allergies, hormonal changes, poor diet, lack of sleep, and stress — just to name a few.
How Do Food Allergies/Intolerances/Sensitivities Affect Inflammation?
Food allergies, intolerances, and sensitivities can often be an overlooked cause of chronic inflammation. We mentioned previously that a good majority of inflammatory issues for Americans are a direct result of their everyday diet. This can be from a poor diet, from hidden food intolerances; allergies; sensitivities or from a combination of these. Many inflammatory conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), IBS, and arthritis, for example, are linked to dietary factors or foods that either seem to cause or exacerbate symptoms of inflammation. Well over 50 percent of our immune cells are found in our digestive tract. If the immune system becomes triggered and/or confused by hidden food allergens and intolerances, it can in turn trigger chronic inflammation and weaken the immune system leaving you susceptible to numerous health conditions including autoimmune diseases.
The list of the more common food offenders can be quite long, but foods at the top of the list can include dairy products, wheat, gluten, yeast, eggs, soy, corn, food additives, and more. The problem is that people often don't even realize that a food allergy or intolerance is at the root of their inflammatory-related health issue. Further, many don't realize that their health issue is related to chronic inflammation. So how do you go about finding out if you have possible food allergies or intolerances that are causing you problems?
If you suspect you may have food sensitivities, intolerances, or allergies, you should see your doctor who can refer you to a board-certified allergist for testing, evaluation, and diagnosis. It is best not to try to diagnose a food allergy or intolerance on your own without professional guidance. Selfdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary dietary restrictions, inadequate nutrition (especially in children), and a lot of unneeded frustration. It can make your health issues last longer and maybe become worse. An allergist will usually begin with a thorough medical history to determine if it is actually a food allergy or intolerance that may be causing your symptoms. Secondly, they will conduct a number of tests to help identify the possible food culprit. These might include a skin prick test, blood test, oral food challenge, and trial elimination diet. Once a discovery is made, the allergist should refer you to a registered dietitian nutritionist for further instruction on how to handle your diet in order to eliminate the food or foods that are causing you problems.
Another way to find out whether you are suffering with food sensitivities is called a Mediator Release Test (MRT). An MRT is a blood test that measures your immune reaction or sensitivity to a whole host of foods, additives, chemicals, and more. With the results of the MRT, your healthcare practitioner is able to identify a list of foods that you may be sensitive to and may be causing chronic inflammation that you are not even aware of. An MRT has been shown to have the highest level of accuracy of any food sensitivity blood test. This type of testing can often help to identify culprits that a person cannot figure out any other way. The "hub" of the immune system is the gut, and when someone consumes a food that they have a reaction or sensitivity to, the immune system sends out chemical mediators such as histamine, cytokines, and pros-taglandins, which can produce chronic inflammation and damaging effects on body tissues and cause the development of symptoms and major health problems. Depending on the types of mediators released, different areas of the body are affected. For example, for some people consuming an affected food will cause migraines, for others arthritis or maybe acid reflux. Identifying the harmful substance is the first step toward improving the inflammation that results from a food sensitivity and in turn improves and impacts your long-term health. The next step involves following an individualized LEAP eating plan.
Many of you have probably never heard of LEAP (lifestyle, eating, and performance), but this could be your answer to finding out once and for all what foods and beverages are truly triggering chronic inflammation in your body. LEAP is an effective protocol that combines the MRT with the professional skills of a Certified LEAP Therapist (CLT). The CLT is able to produce a patient-specific anti-inflammatory diet dependent on the results of your MRT test to reduce inflammation and therefore reduce symptoms of health issues related to chronic inflammation. The two go hand-in-hand and have had substantial results for many individuals. A Certified LEAP Therapist, usually a dietitian, has received advanced clinical training in adverse food reactions, including food allergies, food sensitivities, and food intolerance. They know exactly how to assist clients with their LEAP Diet Protocols that are based directly on the results of their MRT blood test.
Most people who have MRT testing done along with counseling from a CLT have experienced significant improvement within the first 10 days or sooner with symptoms continuing to improve throughout the next four to six weeks. Many people experience complete symptom resolution once their triggers are identified and eliminated, depending on how closely they follow their LEAP protocol, whether they have underlying conditions involved, and to which degree food sensitivity plays a role in their condition.
If you are interested in LEAP and MRT testing, visit http://nowleap.com or call 1-888-Now-LEAP (toll free). You can Google "Certified LEAP Therapist" in your state, city, or zip code. In addition, there is a list of RD and RDNs in the resource section of this book to help get you started. Many will counsel via phone, so you don't need to reside in the same area. This process is definitely more than just being tested! Most people who are tested without counseling from a CLT do not do nearly as well. Talk to your doctor about being tested for food sensitivities and if you decide it is right for you, do it the correct way and partner it with a Certified LEAP Therapist. What you do with the test results is the most important step in success with this process.
Your Nutrition Solution Tidbit
A true food allergy is much less common and leads to an immune system reaction that can affect numerous organs in the body and in some cases cause severe symptoms. A food intolerance is generally less serious and is often limited to less severe symptoms such as digestive issues, headaches, and heartburn. Food intolerances occur when an individual is not able to properly digest a specific food item or when a food item causes irritation in the digestive system. A food sensitivity seems to be the most difficult to diagnose and generally means that an individual has a negative reaction to certain food items that do not always occur in the same way. Someone with a food sensitivity may be able to consume a specific food without any apparent symptoms, but will intermittently show symptoms such as acid reflux, headaches, abdominal cramps, nausea, and other digestive issues without knowing why.
What Are the Symptoms of Inflammation?The symptoms of acute inflammation are much different than those of chronic inflammation. Symptoms of acute inflammation are usually pretty obvious and can include things such as pain, redness, swelling, heat, and joint stiffness. Acute inflammation can also include less obvious symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, headache, and muscle stiffness. Symptoms of chronic inflammation are not always so apparent. Most of the time, chronic inflammation is silent and you don't know there is a problem until multiple health conditions begin to emerge. Even at that point, most people do not know that inflammation is the underlying cause of their condition(s) unless it is an obvious inflammatory-related disease such as arthritis.
(Continues…)
Excerpted from "Your Nutrition Solution to Inflammation"
by .
Copyright © 2015 Kimberly Tessmer.
Excerpted by permission of Red Wheel/Weiser, LLC.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
