Table of Contents
Preface xi
Part I Introduction and Overview 1
Chapter 1 XML: What Is It? 3
Many Definitions of XML 4
XML Elements as Content Objects 5
The Basic Markup Rules of XML 7
OHCO: Practical Considerations 10
How the Rest of This Book Is Organized 16
Tools for Creating, Viewing, and Editing XML Metadata 17
Questions and Topics for Discussion 22
Suggestions for Exercises 22
Notes 22
References 23
Chapter 2 XML: Why It Is Important to Catalogers and Metadata Librarians 25
Trends in Bibliographic Control and Descriptive Cataloging 26
Changing Job Descriptions 35
Looking Ahead 39
Questions and Topics for Discussion 41
Suggestions for Exercises 41
Notes 41
References 42
Chapter 3 XML: Core Syntax and Grammar 45
Character Data, White Space, and Entities 48
Element Types 51
Attributes 52
Processing Instructions, Declarations, CDATA, and Comments 53
Well-Formed XML versus Valid XML 57
Schemas and Namespaces 59
Summary 61
Questions and Topics for Discussion 62
Suggestions for Exercises 62
Notes 63
Part II Structured Metadata in Xml 65
Chapter 4 MARCXML: Library Catalog Records as Structured Data 67
Traditional MARC 68
MARC SGML 73
MARCXML 74
Case Study 4.1 Creating an XML Snapshot of a Library Catalog for Google 85
Case Study 4.2 Creating MARCXML Records for the Hathi Trust 88
Summary 91
Questions and Topics for Discussion 92
Suggestions for Exercises 92
Notes 92
References 93
Chapter 5 Other Metadata Standards in XML: Dublin Core, MODS, and ONIX 95
Working with Other Metadata Standards 96
Dublin Core in XML 98
Case Study 5.1 Dublin Core Metadata in CONTENT dm 104
MODS in XML 109
Case Study 5.2 Hypatia: A MODS Record Creation and Ingest Tool 113
ONIX for Books in XML 116
Case Study 5.3 Integrating ONIX Records into the OPAC 117
Other Metadata Standards 119
Questions and Topics for Discussion 125
Suggestions for Exercises 125
Notes 125
References 126
Chapter 6 Interoperable XML: Namespaces, Shareable Metadata, and Application Profiles 129
XML Namespaces 131
Shareable Metadata 139
Application Profiles 144
Case Study 6.1 Creating a Project-Based Application Profile 150
Case Study 6.2 IMLS DCC Collection Description Application Profile 154
Observations 156
Questions and Topics for Discussion 159
Suggestions for Exercises 159
Notes 159
References 160
Part III Authoring and Validating XML 163
Chapter 7 Valid XML (Part I): Document Type Definitions 165
When Well-Formed XML Is Not Enough 166
Defining an XML Metadata Grammar in a DTD 172
Syntax and Semantics of DTDs 175
Case Study 7.1 A DTD for Simple Dublin Core 183
Questions and Topics for Discussion 187
Suggestions for Exercises 187
Notes 187
References 188
Chapter 8 Valid XML (Part II): XML Schemas 189
The Need for Alternatives to XML DTDs 191
Differences between DTDs and XSDs 194
W3C XML Schema Definition Language Illustrations 201
Case Study 8.1 Checking MARCXML Records Using Oxygen and an XSD 218
Other Schema Languages 222
Questions and Topics for Discussion 228
Suggestions for Exercises 229
Notes 229
References 229
Chapter 9 Advanced XML Grammars: Schemas and Namespaces, Uniqueness, and Keys 231
Using XML Namespaces and XML Schemas Together 233
Case Study 9.1 A "Spine" of Metadata for Digitized Emblem Books 251
Keys, Key References, and Uniqueness Constraints 257
Case Study 9.2 Creating the DLF Aquifer Asset Action XML Schema 260
Questions and Topics for Discussion 263
Suggestions for Exercises 263
Notes 264
References 264
Part IV Metadata Crosswalks, Xml Transformations, and RDF Xml 265
Chapter 10 Transforming XML (Part I): Metadata Crosswalking and XPath 267
Metadata Crosswalks 269
Using XPath to Analyze and Navigate XML Metadata Records 278
XPath Operators and Functions 285
Summary 289
Questions and Topics for Discussion 289
Suggestions for Exercises 290
Notes 290
References 291
Chapter 11 Transforming XML (Part II): Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformations 293
Introduction to XSLT 295
The Structure of an XSLT Style Sheet 297
Variables and Parameters in XSLT 308
Recursion and Advanced Uses of Axes in XSLT 310
Case Study 11.1 Generating XHTML Splash Page from MARCXML 312
Case Study 11.2 Creating E-Book Records for Retrospectively Digitized Books 320
Summary 324
Questions and Topics for Discussion 325
Suggestions for Exercises 325
Notes 326
References 326
Chapter 12 RDF and XML: Serializing Triples (Statements) in XML 327
An Introduction to RDF in XML 329
RDF Schema 336
RDFa 338
Case Study 12.1 RDFa from MARCXML and Dublin Core 341
Questions and Topics for Discussion 347
Suggestions for Exercises 347
Notes 347
References 348
Chapter 13 XML and the Future of Descriptive Cataloging 349
Changes and Challenges 350
Exploiting XML in Library Work Flows 355
Case Study 13.1 Emblematica Online 357
Closing Thoughts 368
Questions and Topics for Discussion 370
Suggestions for Exercises 371
Notes 371
References 371
Glossary of XML Terms 373
Index 377
