Not from men, neither through men [ouk ap' anthrOpOn oude di' anthrOpou]. The bluntness of Paul's denial is due to the charge made by the Judaizers that Paul was not a genuine apostle because not one of the twelve. This charge had been made in Corinth and called forth the keenest irony of Paul (2Co 10-12). In Ga 1; 2 Paul proves his independence of the twelve and his equality with them as recognized by them. Paul denies that his apostleship had a human source [ouk ap' anthrOpOn] and that it had come to him through [di' anthrOpou] a human channel (Burton). But through Jesus Christ and God the Father [alla dia Iesou Christou kai theou patros]. The call to be an apostle came to Paul through Jesus Christ as he claimed in 1Co 9:1 and as told in Ac 9:4-6; 22:7ff.; 26:16ff. He is apostle also by the will of God. Who raised him from the dead [tou egeirantos auton ek nekrOn]. And therefore Paul was qualified to be an apostle since he had seen the Risen Christ (1Co 9:1; 15:8f.). This verb [egeirO] is often used in N.T. for raising from the sleep of death, to wake up the dead.
