Women in Sports: A Reference Handbook

Women in Sports: A Reference Handbook

by Maylon Hanold
Women in Sports: A Reference Handbook

Women in Sports: A Reference Handbook

by Maylon Hanold

Hardcover

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Overview

Providing key data, insights, and ways of thinking about women and sports, this book is an excellent resource for high school and undergraduate students as well as for sport organizations serving girls and women.

Women are participating in sports in record numbers, and thanks in part to Title IX and a growing interest in women's sports, they're breaking records and achieving remarkable success in sports in every conceivable manner. However, women still struggle for equitable treatment in a variety of sports and face different obstacles than do their male counterparts. How can these issues be solved? Are women in sports being treated fairly?

This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of the state of women's participation in sports by referencing both current events and research. Additionally, it offers a breadth of information pertaining to work in sports made available to girls and women. Key aspects include a detailed history of women in sports since 1900 as well as a discussion of current issues surrounding their participation in high school and college athletics, recreational sports, physical activity, and leadership in sports organizations. In particular, the material not only recounts history and analyzes issues but also presents perspectives as to how and why sports continue to be simultaneously a means of empowerment and a conduit for the marginalization of girls and women.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781440853692
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 03/22/2018
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Pages: 344
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.81(d)

About the Author

Maylon Hanold is director of the Sport Administration and Leadership master's degree program at Seattle University.

Table of Contents

Preface xv

1 Background and History 1

Introduction 1

Brief Overview of the Early History of Women in Sport 2

Sport on the Rise 2

Flapper Era 3

Inclusion in the Modern Olympic Games 5

Women's Bodies, Health, and Movement 7

Early Organization of Women's Sports 11

Differences among Women's Sport Experiences 15

Early History of Women's Sportswear 20

Development and Importance of Title IX 26

Title IX and the Changing of Women's Collegiate Sport Leadership: 1960 to 1982 30

Endurance, Adventure, and Notable Symbolic Moments for Women in Sport 34

Pedestriennes: The Forgotten Women of Endurance 34

Outdoor Adventure and Extreme Sports: Pioneers and Access 37

High-Profile Symbolic Moments 40

References 41

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 47

Introduction 47

Gender Equality in Sports and Why It Matters 48

Sex-Segregated Sport and Inclusion Initiatives 50

Benefits and Risks of Sport Participation for Girls and Women 57

Black Female Athletes' Experiences, Marginalization, and Moving Forward 62

Homophobia, Lesbian Athletes, and Creating Inclusive Sport 66

Women in Sport Media 72

The Quantity and Quality of Female Athlete Media 72

Main(Male)Stream Sport Media 77

Social Media and Raising Awareness for Change in Media Representations 78

Professional Female Athletes: Paths toward Equal (Better) 81

Venus Williams Levels the Grand Slam Playing Field 83

U.S. Women's Soccer Leverages Legal Courts and Solidarity in Public Opinion 85

U.S. Women's Hockey Goes on Strike with Clear Goals for Equality 87

Women's Struggle to Attain Leadership Positions in Sport 89

Constraints and Possibilities of Feminine Beauty and Joy in Sport 95

Shifting Beliefs about Women's Physical and Mental Strengths 99

References 103

3 Perspectives 113

Introduction 113

Compensation of Student-Athletes Threatens Women's Collegiate Sports Altogether Kelli Rodriguez Currie 114

A Shift in Perspective: Inspiring a New Generation of Female Coaches Sara L. Lopez Julie McCleery Hannah O. Olson 118

Wearable Technology Helps to Inform and Improve Female Collegiate Soccer Players' Performance on the Field and Body Image off the Field Allison C. Tenney 123

Navigating the Female (Athlete) Body Knowledge Gap Anna Terry 127

Sport Empowerment Programs for Girls Erin Karner 132

"You Got This": Making My Way on the Confidence Journey Séu Jacobi 137

Breaking the Gender Binary in Sport: Female-to-Male Recreational Athlete Riley McCormack 140

Gender Equality in Sport: (Un)Awareness, Education, and Resolve Annie Sittauer Sarah Tani 145

4 Profiles 153

Introduction 153

Association for Women in Sports Media 153

Clare Balding (1971-) 156

Camber Outdoors 158

Anita DeFrantz (1952-) 161

Tony DiCicco (1948-2017) 163

Althea Gibson (1927-2003) 165

Pat Griffin (1963-) 167

Nikki Kimball (1971-) 169

Billie Jean King (1943-) 171

Donna Lopiano (1946-) 173

Kim Ng (1968-) 177

Wilma Rudolf (1940-1994) 179

Barbara Slater (1959-) 182

Ellen Staurowsky (Birthdate Unknown-) 184

Tucker Center for Research on Girls and Women in Sport 186

Donna de Varona (1947-) 189

Venus Williams (1980-) 193

Women in Sport (United Kingdom) 196

Women in Sports and Events 198

Women Leaders in College Sports 199

Women's Sports Foundation 201

Babe Didrickson Zaharias (1911-1956) 205

5 Data and Documents 211

Introduction 211

Data 211

Table 5.1 Participation Numbers of High School Athletes by Gender 211

Table 5.2 Collegiate Sports Offered in NCAA Schools 212

Table 5.3 Percentage of Women's Varsity Teams in Intercollegiate Athletics for the Academic Year 2013-2014 213

Table 5.4 Top 10 Coaching Behaviors Desired by Collegiate Female Athletes 214

Table 5.5 Women's Participation in the Olympiad and Summer Olympic Games 216

Table 5.6 Women's Participation in the Winter Olympic Games 218

Table 5.7 Selected List of Professional Women's Sports and Most Common Methods of Compensation 219

Figure 5.1 Relative Percentages of Female Participation in Team Sports, Outdoor Sports, and Indoor Activities for 2016 219

Figure 5.2 Comparison of Female and Male Outdoor Activity Participation Percentages for 2016 222

Table 5.8 Percentages of Women in Leadership Positions in NCAA Schools 222

Table 5.9 Summary of Efforts toward Gender Equality in Professional Sport Leadership 225

Figure 5.3 Mainstream Media Coverage of Women's Sports 226

Documents 228

Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972) 228

Intercollegiate Athletics Policy: Three-Part Test (1973) 230

Brighton Plus Helsinki Declaration on Women and Sport (2014) 232

Los Angeles Declaration (2012) 235

NCAA Gender Equity Planning: Best Practices (2016) 237

NCAA Inclusion of Transgender Student-Athletes (2011) 239

Los Angeles Policy Transgender Students-Ensuring Equity and Nondiscrimination BUL-6224.0 (2014) 240

Sport for Success: The Socio-Economic Benefits of Women Playing Sport (2014) 243

6 Resources 249

Books 249

Articles 260

Reports 272

Internet 273

7 Chronology 287

Glossary 299

Index 305

About the Author 323

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