Table of Contents
Acknowledgments viii
Foreword Rick Bass ix
Preface xiii
1 The Evolution of the Wolf 1
Scientific Classification of Wolves
2 The Distribution of Wolves 17
Range and Habitat
3 Anatomy and Physiology 25
Physical Description
Wolf Senses
Tracks
Wolf Scat
Diseases
Injuries
Longevity
4 Behavior and Activities 51
The Wolf Pack
Lone Wolves
Communication
Curiosity
Intelligence
Interactions with Other Species
Travel
Play
Swimming
Grooming
Courtship
Reproduction
Inbreeding
The Birthing Den
Litters
Territories
Food
Hunting
5 The Wolf in Human Culture 109
The Wolf as a Nurturer
The Big Bad Wolf
Werewolves
Man-Eating Wolves
Children Reared by Wolves
The Wolf and the North American Indian
Wolves versus Settlers
Wolf Bounties
The Extinction of the Wolf
The Wolf as a Threat to Humans
6 The Wolf as a Predator: Wolf Control 139
The Wolf as a Killer of Big Game
Livestock Predation by Wolves
Wolf Control Tables
7 The Wolf as a Furbearer 155
Hunting and Trapping Harvest Tables
8 The Wolf as a Big-Game Animal 167
Hunting Statistics-United States
Hunting Statistics-Canada
9 The Wolf as a Zoo Animal 173
Wolf Parks
10 The Wolf as a Pet 189
Wolf-Dog Hybrids
11 Conserving the Wolf 197
Wolf Reintroduction Programs
Wolf Research
Public Wolf Howls
12 Conclusion 235
The Current Status of the Wolf
The Legal Status of the Wolf
The Future of the Wolf
Appendix I The Endangered Species Act of 1973 258
Appendix II The IUCN Manifesto on Wolf Conservation 260
Wolf Conservation Organizations and Newsletters 263
Glossary 267
Bibliography 269
Index 286
About the Author 304
