Wind Turbine Airfoils and Blades: Optimization Design Theory / Edition 1 available in Hardcover, eBook
Wind Turbine Airfoils and Blades: Optimization Design Theory / Edition 1
- ISBN-10:
- 3110344211
- ISBN-13:
- 9783110344219
- Pub. Date:
- 12/04/2017
- Publisher:
- De Gruyter
- ISBN-10:
- 3110344211
- ISBN-13:
- 9783110344219
- Pub. Date:
- 12/04/2017
- Publisher:
- De Gruyter
Wind Turbine Airfoils and Blades: Optimization Design Theory / Edition 1
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$144.99Overview
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9783110344219 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | De Gruyter |
| Publication date: | 12/04/2017 |
| Series: | GREEN - Alternative Energy Resources , #3 |
| Pages: | 392 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.69(w) x 9.45(h) x (d) |
| Age Range: | 18 Years |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface v
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The research in China and worldwide 3
1.2.1 Research on wind turbine airfoils 3
1.2.2 Research on aerodynamic shape and performance of wind turbine blades 4
1.2.3 Research on structural design of composite wind turbine blades 5
1.2.4 Research on aeroelastic performance of wind turbine blades 6
2 Aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine airfoils 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Basic theory of wind turbine airfoils 9
2.2.1 Geometric parameters of airfoils 9
2.2.2 Reynolds number 10
2.2.3 Mach number 11
2.2.4 Boundary layer 12
2.2.5 Potential flow solving method for an arbitrary airfoil 15
2.3 Aerodynamic characteristic of airfoils 18
2.3.1 Pressure coefficient of the airfoil 18
2.3.2 Lift coefficient 19
2.3.3 Drag coefficient 20
2.3.4 Pitching moment coefficient 21
2.4 Stall on airfoils 22
2.5 Roughness properties of airfoils 23
2.6 Influence of geometric parameters on aerodynamic characteristics 25
2.6.1 Influence of the leading edge radius of an airfoil 25
2.6.2 Influence of the maximum relative thickness and its position 25
2.6.3 Influence of the maximum camber and its position 26
2.7 Influence of Reynolds number on aerodynamic characteristics 26
2.8 Method of predicting aerodynamic performance of airfoils 26
2.8.1 Introduction to XFOIL and RFOIL 27
2.8.2 Airfoil aerodynamic performance calculation cases 27
2.9 Chapter conclusions 30
3 Integrated expressions of wind turbine airfoils 31
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Transformation theory of airfoils 31
3.2.1 Conformal transformation 31
3.2.2 Joukowsky transformation of airfoils 33
3.2.3 Theodorsen method 34
3.3 Integrated expression of airfoil profiles 36
3.3.1 The trigonometric series representation of airfoil shape function 37
3.3.2 The Taylor series representation of airfoil shape function 37
3.4 Airfoil profile analysis using integrated expressions 39
3.4.1 Type I airfoil profile 39
3.4.2 Type II airfoil profile 40
3.4.3 Type III airfoil profile 40
3.5 Versatility properties for integrated expression of airfoils 41
3.5.1 First-order fitting 42
3.5.2 Second-order fitting 45
3.5.3 Third-order fitting 45
3.6 Control equation of shape function 47
3.6.1 Characteristics of airfoil sharp trailing edge 47
3.6.2 Horizontal offset characteristics 47
3.6.3 Vertical offset characteristics 48
3.6.4 Design space 48
3.7 Convergence analysis of integrated expression of airfoils 49
3.7.1 Convergence characteristic of airfoil shape 50
3.7.2 Convergence characteristic of airfoil aerodynamic performance 54
3.8 Chapter conclusions 56
4 Theory of parametric optimization for wind turbine airfoils 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Design requirements of wind turbine airfoils 58
4.2.1 Structural and geometric compatibility 59
4.2.2 Insensitivity of the maximum lift coefficient to leading edge roughness 59
4.2.3 Design lift coefficient 59
4.2.4 The maximum lift coefficient and deep stall characteristics 60
4.2.5 Low noise 60
4.3 Single object optimization of wind turbine airfoils 60
4.3.1 Objective function 60
4.3.2 Design variables 61
4.3.3 Design constraints 61
4.3.4 Optimization method with MATLAB 62
4.3.5 Optimized results 62
4.3.6 Roughness sensitivity of the optimized airfoils 64
4.3.7 Comparative analysis of the performance of optimized airfoils 69
4.4 Multiobjective optimization of the wind turbine airfoils 72
4.4.1 Design variables 72
4.4.2 Objective function 74
4.4.3 Design constraints 76
4.4.4 Multiobjective genetic algorithm 77
4.4.5 WT series wind turbine airfoils of high performance 78
4.4.6 WTH series wind turbine airfoils with high lift-to-drag ratio 87
4.4.7 WTI series wind turbine airfoils with low roughness sensitivities 89
4.5 Design of airfoils with medium relative thickness 91
4.5.1 Geometric characteristics analysis of medium thickness airfoils 91
4.5.2 Aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils with medium thickness 93
4.5.3 The design of a new airfoil with medium thickness 94
4.5.4 The effects of turbulence, Reynolds number and blade rotation 97
4.6 Design of airfoils based on noise 100
4.6.1 Acoustic theory for wind turbines 100
4.6.2 The measurement of noise 101
4.6.3 The acoustics model of the airfoil 103
4.6.4 Comparison of noise calculations 113
4.6.5 Influence of geometric parameters of airfoils on noise 115
4.6.6 Design of wind turbine airfoils with high efficiency and low noise 118
4.7 Airfoil design based on a 2D power coefficient 123
4.7.1 The optimization model 125
4.7.2 The optimization flow chart 127
4.7.3 CQU-DTU-B airfoil series 128
4.7.4 Influence of airfoil trailing edge on the performance of the airfoil 138
4.8 Improved design of airfoils using smooth curvature technique 140
4.8.1 Smooth continuity of the profile for airfoil shape function 142
4.8.2 Curvature of profile for airfoil shape function 146
4.8.3 Improvement and optimization of the airfoil 148
4.8.4 Optimization results 149
4.9 Design of wind turbine airfoils with high performance 152
4.9.1 Objective function 152
4.9.2 Design variables 152
4.9.3 Design constraints 153
4.9.4 Optimization results and analysis of thin airfoil series 154
4.9.5 A new direct design method for medium thickness wind turbine airfoils 162
4.9.6 Optimal model of thick airfoil series 163
4.9.7 Optimization results 164
4.9.8 Chapter conclusions 172
4.10 Chapter conclusions 172
5 Experiments on the wind turbine airfoil and data analysis 175
5.1 Introduction 175
5.2 Design and manufacture of the airfoil model 175
5.3 Apparatus, method and data processing of the experiment 180
5.3.1 Wind tunnel 180
5.3.2 Installation of the model 181
5.3.3 Test apparatus 181
5.3.4 The experiments and data processing 185
5.4 Results of the experiments 187
5.4.1 Free transition conditions 187
5.4.2 Fixed transition conditions 190
5.4.3 Comparison of the results from experiments and RFOIL 194
5.4.4 Comparing different experimental cases 200
5.5 Chapter conclusions 202
6 Aerodynamics of wind turbine rotors and tip-loss corrections 203
6.1 Introduction 203
6.2 Aerodynamics of the wind turbine rotor 203
6.2.1 The momentum theory 203
6.2.2 The blade element theory 205
6.2.3 The blade element momentum theory 206
6.3 The tip-loss correction model 207
6.3.1 The tip-loss correction model of Glauert 207
6.3.2 The tip-loss correction model of Wilson and Lissman 207
6.3.3 The tip-loss correction model of De Vries 208
6.3.4 The tip-loss correction model of Shen 208
6.4 The BEM model with Shen's tip-loss correction 208
6.5 Experimental validation 210
6.6 Chapter conclusions 214
7 Integrated representations for wind turbine blade shapes 215
7.1 Introduction 215
7.2 The integrated representations of 3D blade surface 215
7.2.1 Integrated expressions for 3D flat blades 216
7.2.2 Integrated expressions on 3D blade with chord variation 217
7.2.3 Intergrated expressions on 3D blade with chord and twist variations 219
7.3 Integrated representations for blades of an ART-2B rotor 220
7.4 Chapter conclusions 223
8 Shape optimization of wind turbine blades 225
8.1 Introduction 225
8.2 Influences of key parameters on the performance of rotors 226
8.2.1 Three rotors with different power 226
8.2.2 Two rotors with the same power and different airfoil series 229
8.3 Optimization model of wind turbine blades based on COE 233
8.3.1 Optimization objective function 233
8.3.2 Design variables and constraints 235
8.3.3 Optimization program and method 236
8.3.4 Optimization results 237
8.3.5 Comparison of rotor performance 241
8.4 Optimization of blades for 2 MW wind turbines 251
8.4.1 Design of new wind turbine blades 251
8.4.2 Establishing the multiple-objects optimization model 252
8.4.3 Optimization result 254
8.5 Chapter conclusions 259
9 Structural optimization of composite wind turbine blades 261
9.1 Introduction 261
9.2 Basics of the mechanics of composite materials 261
9.2.1 Classification of fiber reinforcement composite materials 262
9.2.2 Characteristics of composite materials 263
9.2.3 Basic structures of composite materials and analysis methods 264
9.2.4 Anistotropy mechanics theory of composite materials 266
9.2.5 Strength criteria of unidirectional plies 268
9.2.6 Strength analysis of laminates 273
9.2.7 Structural design principles of composite materials 273
9.3 Structural design of wind turbine blades made of composite materials 275
9.3.1 The geometric shape of the new blade 275
9.3.2 Design of internal structure of the blade 278
9.4 Parametric finite element modeling of composite wind turbine blades 289
9.4.1 The integrated representation of three-dimensional blade shapes 289
9.4.2 Parametric representation of chord and twist of wind turbine blades 290
9.4.3 Parametric finite element modeling of wind turbine blades 290
9.5 A new fluid-structure interaction method for blade design 299
9.5.1 The operating conditions of wind turbines 299
9.5.2 The local angle of attack and pressure distribution 300
9.5.3 The interpolation of aerodynamic forces 303
9.6 Study of the structural optimization of the wind turbine blade made of composite materials 307
9.6.1 The optimization model 307
9.6.2 Optimization algorithm combined with finite element method 309
9.7 Optimization results 311
9.8 Chapter conclusions 316
10 Analysis of the aeroelastic coupling of wind turbine blades 319
10.1 Introduction 319
10.2 The structural kinetic model of wind turbine blades 319
10.3 The coordinate transformation 321
10.4 The wind load model 322
10.4.1 The normal wind model 322
10.4.2 The extreme wind model 322
10.5 Results validation 323
10.6 Case analysis 323
10.7 Chapter conclusions 328
11 Aeroelastic stability analysis of two-dimensional airfoil sections for wind turbine blades 331
11.1 Introduction 331
11.2 Static aeroelastic stability analysis of 2D airfoil section for wind turbine blades 332
11.2.1 Static aeroelastic model of wind turbine airfoil section 332
11.2.2 Analysis of the aeroelastic feedback system for a typical airfoil 334
11.3 Classic flutter problem 341
11.3.1 Structural dynamic model 341
11.3.2 The aerodynamic model 342
11.3.3 The aerodynamic-structural coupling calculation model 344
11.3.4 Aeroelastic analysis of a wind turbine airfoil section 345
11.4 The dynamic stall and aeroelastic analysis of the wind turbine blade 355
11.4.1 The structural kinematics model 355
11.4.2 The aerodynamic model 356
11.4.3 The aeroelastic coupling system 358
11.4.4 The numerical results 361
11.5 Chapter conclusions 365
References 371