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Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in America's Classrooms
![Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in America's Classrooms](http://img.images-bn.com/static/redesign/srcs/images/grey-box.png?v11.8.5)
Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in America's Classrooms
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Overview
Issues tied to race and culture continue to be a part of the landscape of America’s schools and classrooms. Given the rapid demographic transformation in the nation’s states, cities, counties, and schools, it is essential that all school personnel acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and dispositions to talk, teach, and think across racial and cultural differences. The second edition of Howard’s bestseller has been updated to take a deeper look at how schools must be prepared to respond to disparate outcomes among students of color. Tyrone Howard draws on theoretical constructs tied to race and racism, culture and opportunity gaps to address pressing issues stemming from the chronic inequalities that remain prevalent in many schools across the country. This time-honored text will help educators at all levels respond with greater conviction and clarity on how to create more equitable, inclusive, and democratic schools as sites for teaching and learning.
“If you thought the first edition of Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools was impactful, this second edition is even more of a force to be reckoned with in the fight for social justice. By pushing the boundaries of the ordinary and the normative, this book teaches as it transforms. Every educator, preservice and inservice, working with racially, linguistically, and culturally diverse young people should read this book.”
—H. Richard Milner IV, Cornelius Vanderbilt Distinguished Professor of Education, Vanderbilt University
“On the 10th anniversary of this groundbreaking book, Tyrone Howard not only reminds me of the salient role that race and culture play in education, but also moves beyond a Black–White binary that reflect the nuances and contours of diversity. This book should be in the hands of all teachers and teacher educators.”
—Maisha T. Winn, Chancellor’s Leadership Professor, School of Education, University of California, Davis
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780807778074 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Teachers College Press |
Publication date: | 01/17/2020 |
Series: | Multicultural Education Series |
Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
Format: | eBook |
File size: | 2 MB |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Series Foreword James A. Banks ix
Foreword Geneva Gay xv
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction 1
Socioeconomic Status and School Performance 3
Outline of the Book 5
Moving Away from the Black-White Dichotomy 6
1 Examining the Achievement Gap: Contextualizing the Problem 9
Documenting the Achievement Gap 12
Documenting the Discrepancies 13
Retention, Suspensions, and Expulsions 18
School Drop-Out and Graduation Rates 21
Access to Gifted and AP Courses 23
SAT Scores 24
Explaining the Gaps 24
Future Considerations 31
2 Changing Demographics 33
A Changing Nation 34
Demographic Shifts by Geographic Region and Age 36
U.S. Schools and Changing Demographics 38
Are Teachers Being Prepared to Teach in Diverse Settings? 42
Multicultural Education for School Reform 44
The Role of Social Class 46
3 Culture 51
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity 52
The Complexity of Culture 53
Sociocultural Theory 56
Cultural Modeling 56
Cultural Repertoires of Practice 58
Normalizing Culture in Everyday Practice 62
4 Culturally Responsive Pedagogy 65
Seeking Clarity in Culture and Pedagogy 67
Empirical and Conceptual Work on Culturally Responsive Pedagogy 69
The Importance of Pedagogy 73
Programs with Culturally Responsive Teaching 75
5 The Role of Race in Learning 88
Interrogating Race 89
Race and Education in the United States 91
Critical Race Theory: A Framework for Examining Race and Achievement 98
Empirical Works Examining Race 100
Granting Voice to Those Who Rarely Are Heard 102
Internalized Racism: Educators of Color and Acts of Exclusion 105
Racial Frames of Reference 106
6 Developing Cultural Competence and Racial Awareness in Classroom Teachers 110
Cultural Competence 111
Critical Self-Reflection on Race and Culture 112
Race, Culture, and the Adaptive Unconsciousness 115
Racial Awareness 119
A Case Study of Critical Reflecting: Teaching Teachers to Reflect on Race 120
Final Considerations 125
7 Examples of School Success for Culturally Diverse Students 126
Stories of School Success 128
Visionary Leadership 130
Effective Instructional Practices 132
Intensive Academic Intervention 135
Explicit Acknowledgment of Race 138
Parental and Community Engagement 140
Final Thoughts 141
References 145
Index 171
About the Author 183
What People are Saying About This
“If you thought the first edition of Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools was impactful, this second edition is even more of a force to be reckoned with in the fight for social justice. Drawing from his robust research insights and deep structural analyses, Howard has produced a book that will truly transform curriculum, pedagogical, relational, and assessment practices of educators committed to improving the learning and development trajectories of young people. By pushing the boundaries of the ordinary and the normative, this book teaches as it transforms. Every educator, pre-service and inservice, working with racially, linguistically, and culturally diverse young people should read this book.” —H. Richard Milner IV, Cornelius Vanderbilt Distinguished Professor of Education, Vanderbilt University
“In 2010, Tyrone Howard gifted the field of education with Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools. On the 10th anniversary of this groundbreaking book, he not only reminds me of the salient role that race and culture play in education, but also moves beyond a Black-White binary that reflect the nuances and contours of diversity. This book should be in the hands of all teachers and teacher educators.” —Maisha T. Winn, Chancellor’s Leadership Professor, School of Education, University of California, Davis
PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION!
"The reader is left with a feeling of urgent, personal, moral responsibility to participate in the cause. Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools gives educators at all levels an excellent primer of the achievement gap, its causes, and remedies." —International Journal of Multicultural Education
"A solid resource for those interested in thinking about the importance of race and culture in schools in more sophisticated ways…It squarely addresses the under-theorization of race as a factor in the analysis of students' school performance, moving the field forward appreciably." —Language Arts
"Howard has produced a book that sheds light into abating the achievement gap in education by incrorporating important prior literature and silent theories that can be implemented to further enhance educational outcomes of all students." —The Journal of Negro Education
“This book is at times disheartening and at other times inspiring; sometimes anguishing but always enlightening.”—From the Foreword by Geneva Gay, University of Washington–Seattle
“Tyrone Howard provides a multi-dimensional and textured look at why students of color continue to struggle in the nation's schools. However, he does not stop there. This book points toward the solutions we have been seeking—partnerships, principles, and persistence.” —Gloria Ladson-Billings, University of Wisconsin–Madison