We Are Not Born Submissive: How Patriarchy Shapes Women's Lives
A philosophical exploration of female submission, using insights from feminist thinkers—especially Simone de Beauvoir—to reveal the complexities of women’s reality and lived experience

What role do women play in the perpetuation of patriarchy? On the one hand, popular media urges women to be independent, outspoken, and career-minded. Yet, this same media glorifies a specific, sometimes voluntary, female submissiveness as a source of satisfaction. In philosophy, even less has been said on why women submit to men and the discussion has been equally contradictory—submission has traditionally been considered a vice or pathology, but female submission has been valorized as innate to women’s nature. Is there a way to explore female submission in all of its complexity—not denying its appeal in certain instances, and not buying into an antifeminist, sexist, or misogynistic perspective?

We Are Not Born Submissive offers the first in-depth philosophical exploration of female submission, focusing on the thinking of Simone de Beauvoir, and more recent work in feminist philosophy, epistemology, and political theory. Manon Garcia argues that to comprehend female submission, we must invert how we examine power and see it from the woman’s point of view. Historically, philosophers, psychoanalysts, and even some radical feminists have conflated femininity and submission. Garcia demonstrates that only through the lens of women’s lived experiences—their economic, social, and political situations—and how women adapt their preferences to maintain their own well-being, can we understand the ways in which gender hierarchies in society shape women’s experiences. Ultimately, she asserts that women do not actively choose submission. Rather, they consent to—and sometimes take pleasure in—what is prescribed to them through social norms within a patriarchy.

Moving beyond the simplistic binary of natural destiny or moral vice, We Are Not Born Submissive takes a sophisticated look at how female submissiveness can be explained.

1137615413
We Are Not Born Submissive: How Patriarchy Shapes Women's Lives
A philosophical exploration of female submission, using insights from feminist thinkers—especially Simone de Beauvoir—to reveal the complexities of women’s reality and lived experience

What role do women play in the perpetuation of patriarchy? On the one hand, popular media urges women to be independent, outspoken, and career-minded. Yet, this same media glorifies a specific, sometimes voluntary, female submissiveness as a source of satisfaction. In philosophy, even less has been said on why women submit to men and the discussion has been equally contradictory—submission has traditionally been considered a vice or pathology, but female submission has been valorized as innate to women’s nature. Is there a way to explore female submission in all of its complexity—not denying its appeal in certain instances, and not buying into an antifeminist, sexist, or misogynistic perspective?

We Are Not Born Submissive offers the first in-depth philosophical exploration of female submission, focusing on the thinking of Simone de Beauvoir, and more recent work in feminist philosophy, epistemology, and political theory. Manon Garcia argues that to comprehend female submission, we must invert how we examine power and see it from the woman’s point of view. Historically, philosophers, psychoanalysts, and even some radical feminists have conflated femininity and submission. Garcia demonstrates that only through the lens of women’s lived experiences—their economic, social, and political situations—and how women adapt their preferences to maintain their own well-being, can we understand the ways in which gender hierarchies in society shape women’s experiences. Ultimately, she asserts that women do not actively choose submission. Rather, they consent to—and sometimes take pleasure in—what is prescribed to them through social norms within a patriarchy.

Moving beyond the simplistic binary of natural destiny or moral vice, We Are Not Born Submissive takes a sophisticated look at how female submissiveness can be explained.

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We Are Not Born Submissive: How Patriarchy Shapes Women's Lives

We Are Not Born Submissive: How Patriarchy Shapes Women's Lives

by Manon Garcia
We Are Not Born Submissive: How Patriarchy Shapes Women's Lives

We Are Not Born Submissive: How Patriarchy Shapes Women's Lives

by Manon Garcia

Hardcover

$39.95 
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Overview

A philosophical exploration of female submission, using insights from feminist thinkers—especially Simone de Beauvoir—to reveal the complexities of women’s reality and lived experience

What role do women play in the perpetuation of patriarchy? On the one hand, popular media urges women to be independent, outspoken, and career-minded. Yet, this same media glorifies a specific, sometimes voluntary, female submissiveness as a source of satisfaction. In philosophy, even less has been said on why women submit to men and the discussion has been equally contradictory—submission has traditionally been considered a vice or pathology, but female submission has been valorized as innate to women’s nature. Is there a way to explore female submission in all of its complexity—not denying its appeal in certain instances, and not buying into an antifeminist, sexist, or misogynistic perspective?

We Are Not Born Submissive offers the first in-depth philosophical exploration of female submission, focusing on the thinking of Simone de Beauvoir, and more recent work in feminist philosophy, epistemology, and political theory. Manon Garcia argues that to comprehend female submission, we must invert how we examine power and see it from the woman’s point of view. Historically, philosophers, psychoanalysts, and even some radical feminists have conflated femininity and submission. Garcia demonstrates that only through the lens of women’s lived experiences—their economic, social, and political situations—and how women adapt their preferences to maintain their own well-being, can we understand the ways in which gender hierarchies in society shape women’s experiences. Ultimately, she asserts that women do not actively choose submission. Rather, they consent to—and sometimes take pleasure in—what is prescribed to them through social norms within a patriarchy.

Moving beyond the simplistic binary of natural destiny or moral vice, We Are Not Born Submissive takes a sophisticated look at how female submissiveness can be explained.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691201825
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 03/30/2021
Pages: 248
Product dimensions: 5.30(w) x 8.10(h) x 1.20(d)

About the Author

Manon Garcia is assistant professor of philosophy at Yale University.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii

1 Submission: A Philosophical Taboo 1

Female Submission and Feminism 5

Submission from Women's Point of View 8

A Matter of Perspective 10

Which Women? 13

Domination and Submission 15

With Beauvoir 19

2 Is Submission Feminine? Is Femininity a Submission? 22

Are Women Masochistic? 23

Submission: A Feminine Virtue? 27

To Be a Woman Is to Submit 32

3 Womanhood as a Situation 41

Sexual Difference Is Not a Matter of Essences 42

Femininity as Social Construction? 46

Situation and Sexual Difference 50

Femininity, Situation, and Destiny 65

4 Elusive Submission 68

Submission and Ordinary Life 69

An Analysis of Power from the Bottom Up 73

The History of an Inversion 76

What Can We Know about Submission? 78

Can the Subaltern Speak? 82

5 The Experience of Submission 87

A Privileged Position 88

An Original Phenomenological Method 92

Phenomenology and the Silence of the Oppressed 99

The Experience of All Women? 106

6 Submission Is an Alienation 111

Oppression as Alienation 112

The Woman-Object 122

7 The Objectified Body of the Submissive Woman 132

Woman Cannot Abstract Herself from Her Body 133

The Biological Body Is Social 136

A Lived Body That Can Be Objectified: What Men and Women Have in Common 140

The Alienation of Women: The Objectified Lived Body 147

From the Body-Object to the Passive Prey 154

8 Delights or Oppression: The Ambiguity of Submission 157

Beauty 158

Love-Abdication 160

The Power of Submission 169

9 Freedom and Submission 177

An Ethics of Freedom 178

Why Women Submit to Men 187

Toward Emancipation 197

Conclusion: What Now? 204

Notes 207

Index 229

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

"Manon Garcia begins with the question: Why aren’t all women feminists? She looks at the complex ways gender hierarchies shape women’s experiences, and takes the radical step of placing the largely untouchable subject of female submission under the light of philosophical scrutiny. With Simone de Beauvoir as a guide, Garcia’s investigation is a signal contribution to feminism. Listening to women, she comes to a nuanced view of consent to submission as a choice—not the antithesis of freedom but the outcome of a shrewd cost-benefit analysis, showing the advantages to be gained by submission and the costs of freedom for women living in a patriarchal society. And yet, by underscoring the reality of women’s consent, she also highlights the potential for women’s resistance."—Carol Gilligan, author of In a Different Voice and coauthor of Why Does Patriarchy Persist?

"Simone de Beauvoir taught women that the intractability of sexism is a function of the rewards we receive for accepting a man’s world and of the punishments that rain down on us for not complying. In lively, compelling prose, Manon Garcia provides us with a brilliant rendering of Beauvoir’s central claims and the tools to demand a say in our own lives. This book is not only an inspiring call to women to resist, but also a lucid, accessible introduction to phenomenology, existentialism, and feminist philosophy."—Nancy Bauer, author of How to Do Things with Pornography

"We Are Not Born Submissive is a brilliant and timely treatment of a central yet undertheorized topic within feminist philosophy. This is a must-read for anyone with an interest in gendered social relations."—Kate Manne, author of Entitled and Down Girl

"Drawing on works in political and existentialist philosophy alongside women’s lived experiences, We Are Not Born Submissive makes an insightful case for the view that the submission of women repays closer conceptual and experiential analysis. A rare achievement of accessibility and rigor, this is an excellent book on Simone de Beauvoir's philosophy and contemporary relevance."—Kate Kirkpatrick, author of Becoming Beauvoir

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