Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants / Edition 1 available in Hardcover
Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants / Edition 1
- ISBN-10:
- 3642103049
- ISBN-13:
- 9783642103049
- Pub. Date:
- 02/24/2010
- Publisher:
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- ISBN-10:
- 3642103049
- ISBN-13:
- 9783642103049
- Pub. Date:
- 02/24/2010
- Publisher:
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants / Edition 1
Hardcover
Buy New
$249.99Overview
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9783642103049 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
Publication date: | 02/24/2010 |
Edition description: | 2010 |
Pages: | 294 |
Product dimensions: | 6.40(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.10(d) |
Table of Contents
Part I Whole-Plant Regulation
1 Oxygen Transport in Waterlogged Plants Lars H. Wegner 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 O2 Transport in Plants: Some Basic Physics, and Modelling of O2 Diffusion 5
1.3 A Survey of Methods to Study O2 Transport and Related Parameters in Higher Plants 7
1.4 Anatomical Adaptations to Flooding Stress: Barriers to Radial Oxygen Loss 10
1.5 Anatomical Adaptations to Flooding Stress: Formation of Aerenchyma 11
1.6 Mechanisms of O2 Transport in Plants 13
1.7 O2 Transport in Plants: Ecological Implications 18
1.8 Open Questions and Directions of Further Research 18
References 19
2 Waterlogging and Plant Nutrient Uptake J. Theo M. Elzenga Hans van Veen 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Effects of Hypoxia on Nutrient Uptake 26
2.2.1 Physiological Effects of Hypoxia Change Root Elongation Rate, k, and Maximal Nutrient Uptake Rate, Imax 26
2.2.2 Waterlogging Leads to Changes in the Availability, Cli, and the Effective Diffusion Coefficient, De, of Some of the Nutrients in the Soil 28
2.2.3 In Waterlogged Conditions, Some Plant Species Show More Root Hair Development, Longer and Thinner Roots and Increased Levels of Infection With Mycorhizal Fungi - Effectively Increasing k 29
2.2.4 Waierlogging Decrease Evaporation and Bulk Water Flow, Vo 30
2.2.5 In Response to Waterlogging the Kinetics of Root Transport Systems, Km and Imax, Can be Modified 31
2.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks 31
References 32
3 Strategies for Adaptation to Waterlogging and Hypoxia in Nitrogen Fixing Nodules of Legumes Daniel M. Roberts Won Gyu Choi Jin Ha Hwang 37
3.1 Introduction: The Oxygen Diffusion Barrier in Nodules 38
3.1.1 Nodule Morphology and the Gas Diffusion Barrier 38
3.1.2 Modulation of the Gas Diffusion Barrier 40
3.1.3 Control of the Gas Diffusion Barrier in Response to Sub-Ambient O2 and Flooding 40
3.1.4 Mechanism of Regulation of the Gas Diffusion Barrier in Response to pO2 41
3.2 Developmental and Morphological Adaptations of Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules to Low Oxygen Stress 43
3.2.1 Secondary Aerenchyma Formation 43
3.2.2 The Inner Cortex and Infected Zone 44
3.2.3 Influence of Adaptive Changes on Nitrogen Fixation Under Altered Rhizosphere pO2 Conditions 45
3.3 Strategies of Adaptation: Flood-Tolerant Legumes and Oxygen Diffusion 46
3.3.1 Tropical Wetland Legumes 46
3.3.2 Lotus uliginosus: A Temperate Wetland Legume 49
3.4 Strategies of Adaptation: Alternate Nodulation Pathways for Flooding Tolerant Legumes 50
3.4.1 Intercellular-Based Mechanism of Nodulation: The Lateral Root Boundary Pathway 50
3.4.2 Sesbania rostrata: A Model Legume for Aquatic Nodulation 51
3.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks 53
References 55
4 Oxygen Transport in the Sapwood of Trees Sergio Mugnai Stefano Mancuso 61
4.1 Brief Anatomy of a Woody Stem 62
4.2 Atmosphere inside a Stem: Gas Composition and is Effects on Respiration 63
4.3 Gas Transport and Diffusion 66
4.4 Radial and Axial Oxygen Transport to Sapwood 68
4.5 Sapwood Respiration 70
References 73
Part II Intracellular Signalling
5 pH Signaling During Anoxia Hubert H. Felle 79
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 pH, Signal and Regulator 81
5.2.1 pH as Systemic Signal 82
5.2.2 The Nature of pH Transmission 83
5.2.3 What is the Information? 83
5.3 Anoxic Energy Crisis and pH Regulation 85
5.3.1 The Davis-Roberts-Hypothesis: Aspects of pH Signaling 85
5.3.2 Cytoplasmic Acidification, ATP and Membrane Potential 86
5.3.3 Cytoplasmic pH (Change), An Error Signal? 87
5.4 pH Interactions Between the (Major) Compartments during Anoxia 88
5.4.1 The pH Trans-Tonoplast pH Gradient 88
5.4.2 Cytoplasm and Apoplast 90
5.4.3 The Apoplast under Anoxia 90
5.5 Anoxia Tolerance and pH 91
5.5.1 pH as a Stress Signal - Avoidance of Cytoplasmic Acidosis 92
5.6 pH as Signal for Gene Activation 93
5.7 pH Signaling and Oxygen Sensing 94
5.8 Conclusions 94
References 95
6 Programmed Cell Deaths and Aerenchyma Formation under Hypoxia Kurt V. Fagerstedt 99
6.1 Introduction 100
6.2 Description of Aerenchyma Formation: Induced and Constitutive 102
6.3 Evidence for PCD During Lysigenous Aerenchyma Formation 103
6.4 Description of the sequence of events leading to induced lysigenous aerenchyma formation 104
6.4.1 Stimuli for Lysigenous Aerenchyma Development (Low Oxygen, Cytosolic Free Calcium, Ethylene, P, N, and S Starvation, and Mechanical Impedance) 105
6.4.2 PCD and the Clearing of the Cell Debris 110
6.4.3 What Determines the Architecture of Aerenchyma? - Targeting and Restricting PCD 112
6.5 Future Prospects 113
References 113
7 Oxygen Deprivation, Metabolic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress Olga Blokhina Kurt V. Fagerstedt 119
7.1 Introduction 120
7.2 Anoxia: Metabolic Events Relevant for ROS Formation 121
7.2.1 "Classic" Metabolic Changes Under Oxygen Deprivation Related to ROS Formation 121
7.2.2 Changes in Lipid Composition and Role of Free Fatty Acids under Stress 124
7.2.3 Modification of Lipids: LP 125
7.3 ROS and-RNS Chemistry Overview and Sources of Formation Under Lack of Oxygen 126
7.3.1 Reactive Oxygen Species 126
7.3.2 Reactive Nitrogen Species 127
7.3.3 Plant Mitochondria as ROS Producers: Relevance for Oxygen Deprivation Stress 129
7.4 O2 Fluxes in Tissues and Factors Affecting O2 Concentration In Vivo 131
7.5 Microarray Experiments in the Study of Hypoxia-Associated Oxidative Stress 132
7.6 Update on Antioxidant Protection 133
7.6.1 Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants 134
7.6.2 Enzymes Participating in Quenching ROS 136
7.7 Concluding Remarks 138
References 139
Part III Membrane Transporters in Waterlogging Tolerance
8 Root Water Transport Under Waterlogged Conditions and the Roles of Aquaporins Helen Bramley Steve Tyerman 151
8.1 Introduction 151
8.2 Variable Root Hydraulic Conductance (Lr) 152
8.3 Changes in Root Morphology and Anatomy 153
8.3.1 Root Death and Adventitious Roots 153
8.3.2 Barriers to Radial Flow 154
8.3.3 Varying the Root or Root Region Involved in Water Uptake 157
8.4 Volatile and Toxic Compounds in Anaerobic Soils 158
8.5 Water Permeability of Root Cells and Aquaporins 158
8.5.1 Plant Aquaporins 159
8.5.2 Responses at the Cell Level Affecting Water Permeability and Potential Mechanisms 161
8.5.3 Other Changes under Oxygen Deficiency that Could Affect Water Transport 169
8.5.4 Transport of Other Molecules besides Water Through MIPs Relevant to Flooding 170
8.6 Signalling 171
8.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 172
References 173
9 Root Oxygen Deprivation and Leaf Biochemistry in Trees Laura Arru Silvia Fornaciari 181
9.1 Introduction 182
9.2 Root O2 Deprivation 183
9.2.1 Root O2 Deprivation: Effects on Leaves 185
9.3 The Role of ADH 185
9.4 Carbon Recovery 186
9.5 Differential mRNA Translation 188
9.6 Effects on Cell Metabolism 189
9.7 Conclusions 191
References 192
10 Membrane Transporters and Waterlogging Tolerance Jiayin Pang Sergey Shabala 197
10.1 Introduction 198
10.2 Waterlogging and Plant Nutrient Acquisition 198
10.2.1 Root Ion Uptake 198
10.2.2 Transport between Roots and Shoots 199
10.2.3 Ionic Mechanisms Mediating Xylem Loading 200
10.2.4 Control of Xylem Ion Loading Under Hypoxia 201
10.3 Oxygen Sensing in Mammalian Systems 201
10.3.1 Diversity and Functions of Ion Channels as Oxygen Sensors 201
10.3.2 Mechanisms of Hypoxic Channel Inhibition 203
10.3.3 The Molecular Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing in Plant Systems Remain Elusive 203
10.4 Impact of Anoxia and Hypoxia on Membrane Transport Activity in Plant Cells 204
10.4.1 Oxygen Deficiency and Cell Energy Balance 204
10.4.2 H+ and Ca+2Pumps 204
10.4.3 Ca2+-Permeable Channels 205
10.4.4 K+-Permeable Channels 206
10.5 Secondary Metabolites Toxicity and Membrane Transport Activity in Plant Cells 206
10.5.1 Waterlogging and Production of Secondary Metabolites 206
10.5.2 Secondary Metabolite Production and Plant Nutrient Acquisition 207
10.6 Secondary Metabolites and Activity of Key Membrane Transporters 208
10.6.1 Pumps 208
10.6.2 Carriers 209
10.6.3 Channels 209
10.7 Breeding for Waterlogging Tolerance by Targeting Key Membrane Transporters 211
10.7.1 General Trends in Breeding Plants for Waterlogging Tolerance 211
10.7.2 Improving Membrane Transporters Efficiency Under Hypoxic Conditions 211
10.7.3 Reducing Sensitivity to Toxic Secondary Metabolites 212
References 213
11 Ion Transport in Aquatic Plants Olga Babourina Zed Rengel 221
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Morphological and Physiological Adaptations of Aquatic Plants 222
13.3 Ion Transport 224
11.3.1 Cation Transport Systems 228
11.3.2 Anion Transport Systems 230
11.4 Root versus Leaf Uptake 230
11.5 Molecular Characterisation of Transporter Genes 232
11.6 The Relevance of Aquatic Plants to Terrestrial Plants in Regards to Waterlogging and Inundation Stresses 233
11.7 Conclusions 233
References 234
Part IV Agronomical and Environmental Aspects
12 Genetic Variability and Determinism of Adaptation of Plants to Soil Waterlogging Julien Parelle Erwin Dreyer Oliver Brendel 241
12.1 Introduction 242
12.2 Diversity among Populations: Adaptation to Water-Logged Soils? 246
12.3 Genetic Control of Traits Related to Hypoxia Tolerance 249
12.4 Genetic Determinism of Tolerance to Waterlogging and Identification of the Involved Genome Regions 250
12.4.1 Methodology of the Detection of QTL for Hypoxia Tolerance: Caution and Strategies 251
12.4.2 Major Loci Detected for Hypoxia Tolerance 256
12.5 Conclusions 260
References 260
13 Improvement of Plant Waterlogging Tolerance Meixue Zhou 267
13.1 Introduction 267
13.2 Genetic Resources of the Tolerance 268
13.3 Selection Criteria 271
13.4 Genetic Studies on Waterlogging Tolerance 273
13.5 Marker-Assisted Selection 275
13.5.1 QTL Controlling Waterlogging Tolerance 275
13.5.2 Accurate Phenotyping is Crucial in Identifying QTLs for Waterlogging Tolerance 278
References 281
Index 287