Table of Contents
Foreword 5
Introduction: First Words 7
Chapter 1 Vocabulary Instruction 11
The Importance of Vocabulary 13
What Teachers Should Know About Words and Word Learning 18
A Few Words About English Language Learners 25
Conclusion 27
Think About It! 28
Chapter 2 Promoting Oral Language 31
Language Input 32
Language Output 41
Strategies for Encouraging Classroom Discourse 43
Conclusion 59
Think About It! 60
Chapter 3 Promoting Wide Reading 61
Independent Reading 66
Strategies for Promoting Independent Reading 67
Reading Aloud to Students 77
Strategies and Considerations for Reading Aloud 79
Conclusion 86
Think About It! 87
Chapter 4 Establishing a Word-Conscious Environment 89
Strategies for Creating Word Consciousness 91
Conclusion 111
Think About It! 112
Chapter 5 Teaching Words 113
Selecting Words to Teach 114
Strategies for Teaching Words 117
Conclusion 155
Think About It! 156
Chapter 6 Teaching Word-Learning Strategies 157
Morphology 160
Principles of Teaching Morphemic Analysis 172
Strategies for Teaching Morphemic Analysis 175
Morphology and English Language Learners 186
Learning Word Meanings from Context 188
Strategies for Teaching Use of Context 191
Learning Word Meanings from the Dictionary 198
Strategies for Engaging with Dictionaries 199
Conclusion 201
Think About It! 202
Conclusion: Final Words 203
Appendix A References Cited 205
Appendix B Literature Cited 214
