Vegetarianism and Veganism: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton

Overview

This detailed and comprehensive overview of meat-free diets introduces readers to their long history in human cultures and analyzes some of the important questions and issues surrounding their practice in today's world.

Vegetarianism and Veganism: A Reference Handbook provides a history and background of vegetarianism and veganism from prehistorical times to the present day, along with detailed discussions of the practice in each historical period since that time. The ancillary chapters provide additional information on important individuals and organizations in the field, relevant data and documents on the topic, an annotated bibliography, a chronology of important events, and a glossary of terms likely to be encountered in the field. Of special interest is the Perspectives chapter, in which stakeholders in the topic write about some specific aspect of its importance in their own lives.

Intended for high school, college, an general readers, the volume covers the field of vegetarianism and veganism in cultures from around the world. Some specific topics include ancient views of vegetarianism, religious stands on the practice, the growth of vegetarian and vegan institutions, and current controversies over the practice of meat-free diets. It also includes a host of resources that readers can use to continue their own research in the field.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781440867637
Publisher:	Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date:	06/24/2019
Series:	Contemporary World Issues
Pages:	368
Product dimensions:	6.30(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.25(d)

About the Author

David E. Newton holds a BA in chemistry, an MA in education from the University of Michigan, and an EdD in science education from Harvard University.

Table of Contents

Preface xv

1 History and Background 3

Prehistory 3

Physical Evidence 4

Studies of Primitive Tribes 5

Animal Studies 6

The Major Religions 7

Jainism 8

Buddhism 9

Hinduism 10

Judaism 12

Christianity 13

Islam 15

Greece and Rome 18

Growth of Christianity 20

Middle Ages 22

The Golden Age of Vegetarianism 24

The Romantic Poets 25

Vegetarianism in Great Britain 26

Vegetarianism in the United States 30

Utopian Communities 30

The Food Reform Movement 32

Vegetarian Organizations 34

The Rise and Fall of Vegetarianism: 1890-1920 35

The Resurgence of Vegetarianism 37

Conclusion 45

2 Problems, Issues, and Solutions 61

Why a Vegetarian or Vegan 62

Animal Rights 63

Animal Rights versus Animal Welfare 66

Humans and Other Animals 68

Meat Substitutes 70

Healthful Living 72

Human Nutritional Requirements 73

Carbohydrates 73

Fats 75

Proteins 76

Vitamins 78

Minerals 84

Health and Longevity 92

Paleo Diets 102

Meat Allergies 105

Environmental Effects 107

Deforestation and Degradation of Land 108

Air Pollution 109

Water Consumption and Water Pollution 110

Biodiversity 111

An Alternative View 114

Family Influence 115

Ethical Vegetarianism 116

Vegaphobia 118

Future of Vegetarianism and Veganism 122

3 Perspectives 143

Perceptions of Individualism in Animal-Product Advertising Camille DeAngelis 143

What's Jewish about Veganism? Sara Eifler 147

Veganism and Self-Love Zoe Jack 151

I Eat Good Vibes Only Alyssa Miller 153

The Vegan Athlete Beth Miller 157

Soy: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly Rashmi Nemade 161

The Good 161

The Bad 162

The Ugly 162

GMOs and Herbicides 162

Phytates 163

Hormone Disruptors 163

Protein and Iron in a Plant-Based Diet Ellen Rubin 165

Why Protein and Iron Are Essential to Our Diet 165

Sometimes There Are Special Needs 166

How Much Protein and Iron Do You Need Daily? 166

Not All Iron Is Created Equal 167

Veganism and Perspective Anna Sherwood Colby Gonzalez 170

4 Profiles 177

Al-Ma'arri 177

American Vegan Society 179

Ernest Bell (1851-1933) 180

Henry S. Clubb (1827-1922) 182

John Evelyn (1620-1706) 184

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) 186

Tulsi Gabbard (1981-) 188

International Vegetarian Union 190

John H. Kellogg (1852-1943); Will K. Kellogg (1860-1951) 192

New Harvest 195

North American Vegetarian Society 197

Pythagoras (570 BCE-495 BCE) 198

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) 200

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) 202

Vegetarian Resource Group 205

Vegetarian Society 207

Donald Watson (1910-2005) 209

5 Data and Documents 213

Data 213

Table 5-1 Demographics for Current and Former Vegetarians and Vegans 214

Table 5-2 Adherence to Vegetarianism or Veganism 215

Table 5.3 Reasons for Eating a Vegetarian or Vegan Diet 215

Table 5-4 Dietary Guidelines for Vegetarians 216

Table 5-5 Nutritional Intake across the Dietary Patterns (mean quantities) 218

Table 5-6 Total and Component Scores for Healthy Eating Index 2010 219

Table 5-7 Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian Cuisine 220

Table 5-8 Consumers Rating of Meat, Nonmeat, and Hybrid Burgers 222

Table 5.9 Consumers Rating of Meat, Nonmeat, and Hybrid Sausage 223

Documents 224

Texas Beef Group v. Winfrey (2000) 224

State (California) Actions on Vegetarianism and Veganism (2002/2018) 226

Friedman v. Southern California Permanente Medical Group (2002) 230

Parliamentary Questions, European Parliament (2010, 2017) 234

Urgesh Gupta v. Asha Enterprises L.L.C. (2011) 236

Sanders v. the State (2011) 239

H.R. 3599 (2017) 242

Arizona Revised Statutes 3-113 (2018) 243

Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (2018) 245

Tips for Vegetarians (2018) 248

Turtle Island Foods v, Mark Richardson (2018) 251

6 Resources 257

Books 257

Journals and Articles 268

Reports 283

Internet 288

7 Chronology 307

Introduction 307

Glossary 325

Index 333

About the Author 343