Urban North-Eastern English: Tyneside to Teesside

by Joan Beal, Lourdes Elizondo, Carmen Llamas

Overview

This is a new volume in the Dialects of English series - a series of short, accessible but authoritative books on specific dialect varieties, each written by a specialist or specialists who have done first-hand work on the variety concerned.This volume provides an overview of all aspects of north-eastern English and explores the phonetic, phonological and morphosyntactic features of the variety, including an analysis of lexical items. It focuses on the historical and linguistic aspects of the dialect and local culture, as well as investigating variation and change across generations. Designed with undergraduates and the general reader in mind, this book provides an excellent introduction to dialects of the region."

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780748664474
Publisher:	Edinburgh University Press
Publication date:	03/07/2012
Series:	Dialects of English EUP
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	4 MB

About the Author

Joan Beal is Professor of English Language at the University of Sheffield.

Lourdes Burbano Elizondo is Senior Lecturer in English and History at the Edge Hill University.

Carmen Llamas is Lecturer in Sociolinguistics at the University of York.

Table of Contents

List of figures and tables viu

Acknowledgements x

Map of locations referred to in this book xi

1 History, geography, demography and culture 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Geography 1

1.2.1 The North-East 1

1.2.2 Newcastle and Tyneside 2

1.2.3 Sunderland and Wearside 2

1.2.4 Middlesbrough and Teesside 3

1.3 History 4

1.3.1 The North-East 4

1.3.2 Newcastle and Tyneside 4

1.3.3 Sunderland and Wearside 6

1.3.4 Middlesbrough and Teesside 8

1.4 Culture 10

1.4.1 The North-East as a culturally salient region 10

1.4.2 Newcastle: a regional capital? 12

1.4.3 Local rivalries 13

Notes 17

2 Phonetics and phonology 19

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Delimiting the region 20

2.3 Variation within the region 23

2.3.1 Perceptions of variation 23

2.3.2 Sources 24

2.4 Vowels 26

2.4.1 Introduction 26

2.4.2 Face 26

2.4.3 Goat 31

2.4.4 Nurse 31

2.4.5 Goose 33

2.4.6 Fleece 33

2.4.7 Price 34

2.4.8 Mouth 35

2.4.9 Thought 35

2.4.10 Trap, Bath, Start 36

2.4.11 Unstressed vowels 36

2.5 Consonants 37

2.5.1 Introduction 37

2.5.2 /p t k/ 37

2.5.3 /r/ 40

2.5.4 /h/ 41

2.5.5 /l/ 42

2.6 Suprasegmentals 42

2.7 Current changes 43

2.7.1 Introduction 43

2.7.2 Face and Goat 44

2.7.3 /p/, /t/ and /k/ 45

2.7.4 TH-fronting 46

2.7.5 /r/ 47

2.8 Conclusion 48

Notes 49

3 Morphosyntax 50

3.1 Introduction 50

3.2 Pronouns 51

3.2.1 Personal pronouns 51

3.2.2 Relative pronouns 54

3.3 Definite and indefinite articles 56

3.3.1 The definite article 56

3.3.2 The indefinite article 57

3.4 The northern subject rule 57

3.5 Negation 58

3.5.1 Punctual never 58

3.5.2 Negative concord 59

3.5.3 Auxiliary contraction 60

3.5.4 Uncontracted negatives 61

3.5.5 Interrogative tags 62

3.5.6 Local forms of negated do 63

3.6 Modal verbs 65

3.6.1 Range of modal verbs 65

3.6.2 Epistemic must 67

3.6.3 Double modals 67

3.7 Conclusion 69

4 Lexis and discourse features 70

4.1 Introduction: social changes and lexical attrition 70

4.2 Past research into North-Eastern dialect vocabulary 73

4.3 Sources of the North-Eastern vocabulary 77

4.4 Case studies 82

4.4.1 Case study 1: The Tyneside Linguistic Survey lexical questionnaire 82

4.4.2 Case study 2: Lads and lasses 84

4.5 Discourse markers 91

4.5.1 Intensifiers 91

4.5.2 Sentence-final elements 92

4.5.3 Other uses of like 93

4.5.4 Right dislocation 93

4.5.5 Terms of endearment 94

4.6 Conclusion 95

Notes 96

5 Annotated bibliography and references 97

5.1 History, geography, demography and culture 97

5.2 Phonetics and phonology 98

5.3 Morphosyntax 100

5.4 Lexis 101

5.5 References cited in this text 102

Index 111