Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Middle-Class Reform in New York, 1870-1940

by Vanessa H. May

Overview

Through an analysis of women's reform, domestic worker activism, and cultural values attached to public and private space, Vanessa May explains how and why domestic workers, the largest category of working women before 1940, were excluded from labor protections that formed the foundation of the welfare state. Looking at the debate over domestic service from both sides of the class divide, Unprotected Labor assesses middle-class women's reform programs as well as household workers' efforts to determine their own working conditions.

May argues that working-class women sought to define the middle-class home as a workplace even as employers and reformers regarded the home as private space. The result was that labor reformers left domestic workers out of labor protections that covered other women workers in New York between the late nineteenth century and the New Deal. By recovering the history of domestic workers as activists in the debate over labor legislation, May challenges depictions of domestics as passive workers and reformers as selfless advocates of working women. Unprotected Labor illuminates how the domestic-service debate turned the middle-class home inside out, making private problems public and bringing concerns like labor conflict and government regulation into the middle-class home.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780807871935
Publisher:	The University of North Carolina Press
Publication date:	06/01/2011
Edition description:	1
Pages:	262
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.20(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Vanessa H. May is assistant professor of history at Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction 1

1 The Tyrant of the Household

The Debate over the "Servant Question" and the Privacy of the Middle-Class Home, 1870-1915 17

2 Sticking Together Through Good Times and Bad

Immigrant Domestic Workers, Ethnic Communities, and Resistance 43

3 Encouraging the Good, Weeding Out the Bad, and Teaching the Ignorant

Women's Organizations and Domestic Workers in New York City, 1870-1915 72

4 The "Enlightened Majority" Versus the "Die-Hard Fringe"

The State and Reform of Domestic Service, 1915-1940 106

5 Every Domestic Worker a Union Worker

Middle-Class African American Organizations and Domestic Workers Confront Labor Exploitation during the Depression 146

Epilogue

The Walls of Jericho 174

Notes 183

Bibliography 221

Index 241

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

Vanessa May vividly depicts the contradictions and ironies inherent in the relationships of domestic workers and the women who employed them. She explores the ways in which domestic workers resisted exploitation and the irony of middle-class women who fought for reform for industrial workers but not for the workers in their own homes. Their failure shows the importance of the public-private divide and the limitations of liberal reform.—Rebecca Sharpless, Texas Christian University, author of Cooking in Other Women's Kitchens: Domestic Workers in the South, 1865-1960

Editorial Reviews

[A] well-researched, well-written monograph. . . . Highly recommended.
Upper-division undergraduates and above.—Choice

A convincing corrective.—Women's Review of Books

May's book is important even beyond its direct implications on household workers. . . . Especially relevant in an increasingly service-based and globalized economy—Labor Studies Journal

A tour de force of social history. By reading against the grain of her middle-class source base, May sheds light on the oft-neglected, day-to-day experiences of household workers. Meanwhile, she mounts a compelling and ambitious argument about their uniquely precarious location within the larger labor force, one with implications that extend far beyond the confines of New York City." —Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

From the Publisher