Understanding Emerson: "The American Scholar" and His Struggle for Self-Reliance / Edition 1

by Kenneth S. Sacks

Overview

A seminal figure in American literature and philosophy, Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the apostle of self-reliance, fully alive within his ideas and disarmingly confident about his innermost thoughts. Yet the circumstances around "The American Scholar" oration—his first great public address and the most celebrated talk in American academic history—suggest a different Emerson. In Understanding Emerson, Kenneth Sacks draws on a wealth of contemporary correspondence and diaries, much of it previously unexamined, to reveal a young intellectual struggling to define himself and his principles.


Caught up in the fierce dispute between his Transcendentalist colleagues and Harvard, the secular bastion of Boston Unitarianism and the very institution he was invited to honor with the annual Phi Beta Kappa address, Emerson agonized over compromising his sense of self-reliance while simultaneously desiring to meet the expectations of his friends. Putting aside self-doubts and a resistance to controversy, in the end he produced an oration of extraordinary power and authentic vision that propelled him to greater awareness of social justice, set the standard for the role of the intellectual in America, and continues to point the way toward educational reform. In placing this singular event within its social and philosophical context, Sacks opens a window into America's nineteenth-century intellectual landscape as well as documenting the evolution of Emerson's idealism.


Engagingly written, this book, which includes the complete text of "The American Scholar," allows us to appreciate fully Emerson's brilliant rebuke of the academy and his insistence that the most important truths derive not from books and observation but from intuition within each of us. Rising defiantly before friend and foe, Emerson triumphed over his hesitations, redirecting American thought and pedagogy and creating a personal tale of quiet heroism.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780691099828
Publisher:	Princeton University Press
Publication date:	03/30/2003
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	216
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.25(h) x (d)

About the Author

Kenneth S. Sacks is Professor of History at Brown University. His books include Diodorus Siculus and the First Century (Princeton) and Polybius on the Writing of History.

What People are Saying About This

Louis Menand

Understanding Emerson is a superb piece of historical research brought to life by a deep intuition about one of the most fascinating phenomena of the nineteenth century: the mind of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Kenneth Sacks has got that mind exactly right. He has grasped the curiously ungraspable quality of Emerson's thought, and by showing us, in a fineness of detail no one else has approached, how Emerson came to write 'The American Scholar,' he shows us, too, why we continue to read him.
— Louis Menand, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York

Len Gougeon

Kenneth Sacks has succeeded admirably in producing a very important examination of both the ferment of reform and change in which Transcendentalism arose, and Emerson's personal struggle with that ferment. He breaks a good deal of new ground. The picture that emerges is insightful, revealing, and engaging. The book is very well written and, blessedly, jargon free.
— Len Gougeon, author of "Virtue's Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform", and past President of the Ralph Waldo Emerson Society (2000-2001)

Gordon Wood

A timely and elegantly written reminder of why Emerson is America's most important intellectual.
— Gordon Wood, Brown University

From the Publisher

"Understanding Emerson is a superb piece of historical research brought to life by a deep intuition about one of the most fascinating phenomena of the nineteenth century: the mind of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Kenneth Sacks has got that mind exactly right. He has grasped the curiously ungraspable quality of Emerson's thought, and by showing us, in a fineness of detail no one else has approached, how Emerson came to write 'The American Scholar,' he shows us, too, why we continue to read him."—Louis Menand, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York

"A timely and elegantly written reminder of why Emerson is America's most important intellectual."—Gordon Wood, Brown University

"Kenneth Sacks has succeeded admirably in producing a very important examination of both the ferment of reform and change in which Transcendentalism arose, and Emerson's personal struggle with that ferment. He breaks a good deal of new ground. The picture that emerges is insightful, revealing, and engaging. The book is very well written and, blessedly, jargon free."—Len Gougeon, author of Virtue's Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform, and past President of the Ralph Waldo Emerson Society (2000-2001)

"This is an engaging book—well-written, without jargon, and suitable for the educated reader as well as for the Emerson scholar interested in the details missed by many biographers and intellectual historians. I was carried along as a reader from beginning to end, and often smiled with satisfaction at the author's wit and the aptness of his use of quotations and other documentary evidence."—William Pannapacker, Hope College

William Pannapacker

This is an engaging book—well-written, without jargon, and suitable for the educated reader as well as for the Emerson scholar interested in the details missed by many biographers and intellectual historians. I was carried along as a reader from beginning to end, and often smiled with satisfaction at the author's wit and the aptness of his use of quotations and other documentary evidence.
— William Pannapacker, Hope College

Recipe

"Understanding Emerson is a superb piece of historical research brought to life by a deep intuition about one of the most fascinating phenomena of the nineteenth century: the mind of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Kenneth Sacks has got that mind exactly right. He has grasped the curiously ungraspable quality of Emerson's thought, and by showing us, in a fineness of detail no one else has approached, how Emerson came to write 'The American Scholar,' he shows us, too, why we continue to read him."—Louis Menand, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York

"A timely and elegantly written reminder of why Emerson is America's most important intellectual."—Gordon Wood, Brown University

"Kenneth Sacks has succeeded admirably in producing a very important examination of both the ferment of reform and change in which Transcendentalism arose, and Emerson's personal struggle with that ferment. He breaks a good deal of new ground. The picture that emerges is insightful, revealing, and engaging. The book is very well written and, blessedly, jargon free."—Len Gougeon, author of Virtue's Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform, and past President of the Ralph Waldo Emerson Society (2000-2001)

"This is an engaging book—well-written, without jargon, and suitable for the educated reader as well as for the Emerson scholar interested in the details missed by many biographers and intellectual historians. I was carried along as a reader from beginning to end, and often smiled with satisfaction at the author's wit and the aptness of his use of quotations and other documentary evidence."—William Pannapacker, Hope College

Editorial Reviews

"As Sacks shows, in his public lectures Emerson took pains not to seem too controversial. . . . But standing before a closed circuit of his intellectual peers, he came out foursquare for a notion of scholarship that, for all its influence on American writers, transcended not only national but also institutional boundaries. . . . Sacks is a classical historian and is very good at showing how well Emerson's mastery of classical rhetoric served him in this address. . . . Reading Emerson's speech today, his turns of phrase may strike us as rather demure, but to his auditors they were fighting words."—-Frank Wilson, The Philadelphia Inquirer

"Sack's subtle and fine-meshed Understanding Emerson examines the circumstances in which Emerson's first major public statement . . . took shape. Sacks shows how complicated the occasion was, and how easy it would have been . . . for Emerson to fulfill the expectations of his audience and Alma Mater. Instead, he heeded the hopes of young friends like Thoreau and deliberately insulted almost everyone in the audience."—-Christopher Benfey, Times Literary Supplement

"Sacks's Emerson is very much a man of his milieu, a stubborn and driven Yankee. . . . Sacks reveals Emerson as a struggling, uncertain figure, whose hunger to achieve self-reliance warred constantly against his need for approval from other quarters. His great effort of self-assertion seems more sympathetic, and less self-indulgent, when seen in this light."—-Wilfred M. McClay, The Weekly Standard

From the Publisher

Sacks's Emerson is very much a man of his milieu, a stubborn and driven Yankee. . . . Sacks reveals Emerson as a struggling, uncertain figure, whose hunger to achieve self-reliance warred constantly against his need for approval from other quarters. His great effort of self-assertion seems more sympathetic, and less self-indulgent, when seen in this light.

The Weekly Standard - Wilfred M. McClay

Sack's subtle and fine-meshed Understanding Emerson examines the circumstances in which Emerson's first major public statement . . . took shape. Sacks shows how complicated the occasion was, and how easy it would have been . . . for Emerson to fulfill the expectations of his audience and Alma Mater. Instead, he heeded the hopes of young friends like Thoreau and deliberately insulted almost everyone in the audience.

Times Literary Supplement" - Christopher Benfey

As Sacks shows, in his public lectures Emerson took pains not to seem too controversial. . . . But standing before a closed circuit of his intellectual peers, he came out foursquare for a notion of scholarship that, for all its influence on American writers, transcended not only national but also institutional boundaries. . . . Sacks is a classical historian and is very good at showing how well Emerson's mastery of classical rhetoric served him in this address. . . . Reading Emerson's speech today, his turns of phrase may strike us as rather demure, but to his auditors they were fighting words.

The Philadelphia Inquirer - Frank Wilson

Sacks's Emerson is very much a man of his milieu, a stubborn and driven Yankee. . . . Sacks reveals Emerson as a struggling, uncertain figure, whose hunger to achieve self-reliance warred constantly against his need for approval from other quarters. His great effort of self-assertion seems more sympathetic, and less self-indulgent, when seen in this light.
— Wilfred M. McClay

The Weekly Standard

Sack's subtle and fine-meshed Understanding Emerson examines the circumstances in which Emerson's first major public statement . . . took shape. Sacks shows how complicated the occasion was, and how easy it would have been . . . for Emerson to fulfill the expectations of his audience and Alma Mater. Instead, he heeded the hopes of young friends like Thoreau and deliberately insulted almost everyone in the audience.
— Christopher Benfey

Times Literary Supplement

As Sacks shows, in his public lectures Emerson took pains not to seem too controversial. . . . But standing before a closed circuit of his intellectual peers, he came out foursquare for a notion of scholarship that, for all its influence on American writers, transcended not only national but also institutional boundaries. . . . Sacks is a classical historian and is very good at showing how well Emerson's mastery of classical rhetoric served him in this address. . . . Reading Emerson's speech today, his turns of phrase may strike us as rather demure, but to his auditors they were fighting words.
— Frank Wilson

The Philadelphia Inquirer

Sack's subtle and fine-meshed Understanding Emerson examines the circumstances in which Emerson's first major public statement . . . took shape. Sacks shows how complicated the occasion was, and how easy it would have been . . . for Emerson to fulfill the expectations of his audience and Alma Mater. Instead, he heeded the hopes of young friends like Thoreau and deliberately insulted almost everyone in the audience.
— Christopher Benfey

Times Literary Supplement"

In 1837, Emerson was invited to give the Phi Beta Kappa address to his alma mater, Harvard University. Sacks (history, Brown Univ.) sees the oration as a turning point in both Emerson's life and American letters, and he includes the entire address as an appendix. He limns Emerson as insecure and doubtful of his own ability and viewpoint prior to the address-in which he excoriates the academy for emphasizing "book learning" instead of encouraging "intuition"-but as subsequently emerging as his "own man," so to speak. The narrative relates Emerson's contacts with notable figures of the time, including Thomas Carlyle, Charles Wilson Elliot, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Coleridge, Wordsworth, and others, and shows how Emerson was influenced by the thought of Plato, the Stoics, Goethe, Locke, and especially Kant, elements of whose writings are seen in the Transcendentalism of the time. In addition, Sacks shows how his thought has influenced American pragmatism. Although the case Sacks makes about Emerson's importance as an essayist, poet, and philosopher seems somewhat forced, this is a detailed, rigorous, yet highly readable and engaging story that belongs in American intellectual history and literature collections in academic and public libraries. [The bicentennial of Emerson's birth was May 25.-Ed.]-Leon H. Brodsky, U.S. Office of Personnel Management Lib., Washington, DC Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.

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