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Overview
Typee (1846) is a work of travel literature by American writer Herman Melville. Its publication was an instant success in both London and New York, earning Melville a reputation as one of America’s most promising young authors. Although he claimed to base the entirety of the book on his own experiences as a sailor, it is now believed that the book incorporates aspects of Melville’s life with scenes inspired by imagination and other works of travel literature. Despite the success of Typee and subsequent works, Melville’s reputation foundered until it was reappraised in the 1920s, when scholars recognized his status as one of nineteenth century America’s finest writers.
Tired of his life as a sailor, and unwilling to put up with the grueling labor and general cruelty faced by the lowest on board, Melville decides to abandon ship at the island of Nukuheva. Alongside his friend and shipmate Toby, he seizes his opportunity while on shore to escape from the rest of the men in secret. After making their way inland through Nukuheva’s densely forested mountains, the pair’s only hope for survival depends on the kindness and generosity of the island’s native people. After a long and perilous journey, they discover the hidden valley of Typee, whose people welcome the castaways into their midst. Typee is a story of four months spent on a secluded island with a people whose lives seem entirely untouched by Western culture. Its popular success as a work of travel literature enabled Melville to launch a career as a professional writer and established his reputation as a skillful chronicler of adventure.
This edition of Herman Melville’s Typee is a classic of American literature reimagined for modern readers.
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Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781513275048 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Mint Editions |
Publication date: | 01/12/2021 |
Series: | Mint Editions (Travel Narratives) |
Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
Format: | eBook |
Pages: | 250 |
File size: | 2 MB |
About the Author
Herman Melville (1819-1891) was an American novelist, poet, and short story writer. Following a period of financial trouble, the Melville family moved from New York City to Albany, where Allan, Herman’s father, entered the fur business. When Allan died in 1832, the family struggled to make ends meet, and Herman and his brothers were forced to leave school in order to work. A small inheritance enabled Herman to enroll in school from 1835 to 1837, during which time he studied Latin and Shakespeare. The Panic of 1837 initiated another period of financial struggle for the Melvilles, who were forced to leave Albany. After publishing several essays in 1838, Melville went to sea on a merchant ship in 1839 before enlisting on a whaling voyage in 1840. In July 1842, Melville and a friend jumped ship at the Marquesas Islands, an experience the author would fictionalize in his first novel, Typee (1845). He returned home in 1844 to embark on a career as a writer, finding success as a novelist with the semi-autobiographical novels Typee and Omoo (1847), befriending and earning the admiration of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Oliver Wendell Holmes, and publishing his masterpiece Moby-Dick in 1851. Despite his early success as a novelist and writer of such short stories as “Bartleby, the Scrivener” and “Benito Cereno,” Melville struggled from the 1850s onward, turning to public lecturing and eventually settling into a career as a customs inspector in New York City. Towards the end of his life, Melville’s reputation as a writer had faded immensely, and most of his work remained out of print until critical reappraisal in the early twentieth century recognized him as one of America’s finest writers.
Date of Birth:
August 1, 1819Date of Death:
September 28, 1891Place of Birth:
New York, New YorkPlace of Death:
New York, New YorkEducation:
Attended the Albany Academy in Albany, New York, until age 15Read an Excerpt
Introduction
Robert Sullivan
N THE BEGINNING of Melville, back before the White Whale, there was Typee, the true-life account of the soon-to-be novelist’s adventures in the South Seas—the scandalous, enthralling, and, yes, titillating story of the man who lived among cannibals. And even at this primordial moment, even in this youthful telling, all of Melville is there: the effortless style, the lush and poemlike descriptions, the Joycean humor (why is everyone always so serious about Melville?). On top of all that, it’s a great read, a legitimate adventure. Are our wounded hero’s newfound pagan friends feeding him or fattening him, and how exactly will he ever escape?
How amazing that Typee ever came into being at all—it is the almost accidental birth of a master. There was young Herman, just returned from sea, the son of a well-born but failed businessman, a near ne’er-do-well who had dabbled in schoolteaching, who had tried his hand at a few little pieces for the local newspaper, and who, seemingly for lack of anything better to do, found himself on a whaling ship with a sea captain who was not terribly interested in workplace morale: Captain Pease on Melville’s first whaling ship, the Acushnet; Captain Vangs in Typee; later to be born again in hell as Ahab. Even on a good ship, whaling was tough, a semi-consensual version of slavery, a life of hard crackers and stale water in the cramped infinity of the great sea. “Oh! for a refreshing glimpse of one blade of grass—for a snuff at the fragrance of a handful of the loamy earth!” goes the longing cry at Typee’s outset. When young Tommo, as thenatives refer to the narrator, arrives in Nuku Hiva, the largest of the Marquesas Islands, he is greeted in the tropical bay by a boatless flotilla of local maidens (“these swimming nymphs”) who eventually board the whaling ship—a scene that was censored from the first editions: “Our ship was now wholly given up to every species of riot and debauchery. Not the feeblest barrier was interposed between the unholy passions of the crew and their unlimited gratification.” In a few days, the young sailor hatches a plan. He will escape into paradise.
Tommo is accompanied by a shipmate, Toby, energetic and fearless whereas Tommo is reluctant and a bit of a snob, the slighly detached (read: Ishmaelean) adventurer. They head for the hills—the large verdant, nearly impenetrable, volcanic hills—wary of the village of Typee, where, sailors’ lore has it, a fierce band of cannibals lives. It’s a harried trip, low on supplies, high on directionlessness. On several occasions, Tommo nearly kills himself trying to keep up with Toby. The misadventures end up sounding like one of those old Bing Crosby and Bob Hope buddy movies: The Road to the Marquesas. Naturally, the two wind up in the wrong village. Soon enough, they are—whoops!—dining with cannibals.
Are they being treated graciously or being fattened? Toby doesn’t stick around to find out. Tommo, meanwhile, is stuck with a bad leg, the pain and inflammation of which fluctuates in proportion to the imminence of danger. Still, Tommo thrives, investigating the practices and customs of what he eventually comes to call the Happy Valley. He makes friends with the local chieftain, visiting him each day like a beat reporter checking in regularly with the desk sergeant. Tommo is assigned a valet, Kory-Kory, who, Queequeg-like, is a friend, respected and even loved despite if not because of his differences. Typee is the birth of the ardent anti-racist: in the beginning, Melville was a radical.
Tommo also finds himself in the everyday heap of bodies that naps through the humid days and snores through the night on the dirt floor of the hut. Specifically, he is alongside a young woman named Fayaway. Fayaway is beautiful, in a word, something Jean-Jacques Rousseau might have come up with if, instead of Emile, he had written soft porn. Not that there is anything illicit in Melville’s portrait. The passages regarding Fayaway are at once friendly, funny, and sensuous—in detail of flesh and landscape, Typee is a very sexy book. Once, in a canoe, Fayaway stands and spreads out her shawl of tappa, in imitation of a sail. “We American soldiers pride ourselves upon our straight clean spars,” the narrator states, tongue at least partly in cheek, “but a prettier little mast than Fayaway made was never shipped aboard of any craft.” (For insight into the richness of Melville’s entendres, go find out what the word mast meant in the local patois, which need not be discussed in detail here—this is a family introduction, after all.)
If Typee was to be excerpted in a contemporary outdoor and travel magazine of today—and modern adventure-mag editors would kill each other for it, take it from me—Melville would no doubt be asked to pick up the pace a little and cut some of the amazingly detailed descriptions, but the ending might just work: there’s blood, tears, home, and, jarringly, mother. Suffice it to say, Tommo somehow survives the cannibals and escapes, and—talk about anticlimaxes—turns back into Herman, who ends up living with his mother in upstate New York. It doesn’t take a Melvillian imagination to visualize the newly returned sailor wowing little parties of ladies and gentlemen with his inelegant remembrances of sumptuous South Pacific rainforests, of naked natives, of people eating people. He must have been quite pleased when people suggested he write it all down. He quickly did, padding his own photographic memories with notes from the reference works of the day. He found a publisher. Some revisions were called for. It was suggested that the author strike a number of the classical references, for instance; his publisher felt sales would improve with a dumbing down. His brother passed it on to some friends in England. Eventually, Washinton Irving read a draft. In a flash, Melville was famous, off and running at twenty-seven, cranking out books, on hiw way to The Whale.
Table of Contents
Preface | xi | |
Chapter 13 | ||
The Sea | ||
Longings for Shore | ||
A Land-sick Ship | ||
Destination of the Voyagers | ||
The Marquesas | ||
Adventure of a Missionary's Wife among the Savages | ||
Characteristic Anecdote of the Queen of Nukuheva | ||
Chapter 29 | ||
Passage from the Cruising Ground to the Marquesas | ||
Sleepy times aboard Ship | ||
South Sea Scenery | ||
Land ho! | ||
The French Squadron discovered at Anchor in the Bay of Nukuheva | ||
Strange Pilot | ||
Escort of Canoes | ||
A Flotilla of Cocoa-nuts | ||
Swimming Visitors | ||
The Dolly boarded by them | ||
State of affairs that ensue | ||
Chapter 316 | ||
Some Account of the late operations of the French at the Marquesas | ||
Prudent Conduct of the Admiral | ||
Sensation produced by the Arrival of the Strangers | ||
The first Horse seen by the Islanders | ||
Reflections | ||
Miserable Subterfuge of the French | ||
Digression concerning Tahiti | ||
Seizure of the Island by the Admiral | ||
Spirited Conduct of an English Lady | ||
Chapter 420 | ||
State of Affairs aboard the Ship | ||
Contents of her Larder | ||
Length of South Seamen's Voyages | ||
Account of a Flying Whaleman | ||
Determination to Leave the Vessel | ||
The Bay of Nukuheva | ||
The Typees | ||
Invasion of their Valley by Porter | ||
Reflections | ||
Glen of Tior | ||
Interview between the old King and the French Admiral | ||
Chapter 530 | ||
Thoughts previous to attempting an Escape | ||
Toby, a Fellow Sailor, agrees to share the Adventure | ||
Last Night aboard the Ship | ||
Chapter 634 | ||
A Specimen of Nautical Oratory | ||
Criticisms of the Sailors | ||
The Starboard Watch are given a Holiday | ||
The Escape to the Mountains | ||
Chapter 741 | ||
The other side of the Mountain | ||
Disappointment | ||
Inventory of Articles brought from the Ship | ||
Division of the Stock of Bread | ||
Appearance of the Interior of the Island | ||
A Discovery | ||
A Ravine and Waterfalls | ||
A sleepless Night | ||
Further Discoveries | ||
My Illness | ||
A Marquesan Landscape | ||
Chapter 850 | ||
The Important Question, Typee or Happar? | ||
A Wild-Goose Chace | ||
My Sufferings | ||
Disheartening Situation | ||
A Night in a Ravine | ||
Morning Meal | ||
Happy Idea of Toby | ||
Journey towards the Valley | ||
Chapter 958 | ||
Perilous Passage of the Ravine | ||
Descent into the Valley | ||
Chapter 1066 | ||
The Head of the Valley | ||
Cautious Advance | ||
A Path | ||
Fruit | ||
Discovery of Two of the Natives | ||
Their singular Conduct | ||
Approach towards the inhabited parts of the Vale | ||
Sensation produced by our Appearance | ||
Reception at the House of one of the Natives | ||
Chapter 1176 | ||
Midnight Reflections | ||
Morning Visitors | ||
A Warrior in Costume | ||
A Savage AEsculapius | ||
Practice of the Healing Art | ||
Body Servant | ||
A Dwelling-house of the Valley described | ||
Portraits of its Inmates | ||
Chapter 1288 | ||
Officiousness of Kory-Kory | ||
His Devotion | ||
A Bath in the Stream | ||
Want of Refinement of the Typee Damsels | ||
Stroll with Mehevi | ||
A Typee Highway | ||
The Taboo Groves | ||
The Hoolah-Hoolah Ground | ||
The Ti | ||
Time-worn Savages | ||
Hospitality of Mehevi | ||
Midnight Misgivings | ||
Adventure in the Dark | ||
Distinguished Honors paid to the Visitors | ||
Strange Procession and Return to the House of Marheyo | ||
Chapter 1397 | ||
Attempt to procure Relief from Nukuheva | ||
Perilous Adventure of Toby in the Happar Mountain | ||
Eloquence of Kory-Kory | ||
Chapter 14104 | ||
A great Event happens in the Valley | ||
The Island Telegraph | ||
Something befalls Toby | ||
Fayaway displays a tender Heart | ||
Melancholy Reflections | ||
Mysterious Conduct of the Islanders | ||
Devotion of Kory-Kory | ||
A rural Couch | ||
A Luxury | ||
Kory-Kory strikes a Light a la Typee | ||
Chapter 15113 | ||
Kindness of Marheyo and the rest of the Islanders | ||
A full Description of the Bread-fruit Tree | ||
Different Modes of preparing the Fruit | ||
Chapter 16118 | ||
Melancholy condition | ||
Occurrence at the Ti | ||
Anecdote of Marheyo | ||
Shaving the Head of a Warrior | ||
Chapter 17123 | ||
Improvement in Health and Spirits | ||
Felicity of the Typees | ||
Their enjoyments compared with those of more enlightened Communities | ||
Comparative Wickedness of civilized and unenlightened People | ||
A Skirmish in the Mountain with the Warriors of Happar | ||
Chapter 18131 | ||
Swimming in company with the Girls of the Valley | ||
A Canoe | ||
Effects of the Taboo | ||
A pleasure Excursion on the Pond | ||
Beautiful freak of Fayaway | ||
Mantua-making | ||
A Stranger arrives in the Valley | ||
His mysterious conduct | ||
Native Oratory | ||
The Interview | ||
Its Results | ||
Departure of the Stranger | ||
Chapter 19143 | ||
Reflections after Marnoo's Departure | ||
Battle of the Pop-guns | ||
Strange conceit of Marheyo | ||
Process of making Tappa | ||
Chapter 20149 | ||
History of a day as usually spent in the Typee Valley | ||
Dances of the Marquesan Girls | ||
Chapter 21153 | ||
The Spring of Arva Wai | ||
Remarkable Monumental Remains | ||
Some ideas with regard to the History of the Pi-Pis found in the Valley | ||
Chapter 22157 | ||
Preparations for a Grand Festival in the Valley | ||
Strange doings in the Taboo Groves | ||
Monument of Calabashes | ||
Gala costume of the Typee damsels | ||
Departure for the Festival | ||
Chapter 23163 | ||
The Feast of Calabashes | ||
Chapter 24169 | ||
Ideas suggested by the Feast of Calabashes | ||
Inaccuracy of certain published Accounts of the Islands | ||
A Reason | ||
Neglected State of Heathenism in the Valley | ||
Effigy of a dead Warrior | ||
A singular Superstition | ||
The Priest Kolory and the God Moa Artua | ||
Amazing Religious Observance | ||
A dilapidated Shrine | ||
Kory-Kory and the Idol | ||
An Inference | ||
Chapter 25180 | ||
General Information gathered at the Festival | ||
Personal Beauty of the Typees | ||
Their Superiority over the Inhabitants of the other Islands | ||
Diversity of Complexion | ||
A Vegetable Cosmetic and Ointment | ||
Testimony of Voyagers to the uncommon Beauty of the Marquesans | ||
Few Evidences of Intercourse with Civilized Beings | ||
Dilapidated Musket | ||
Primitive Simplicity of Government | ||
Regal Dignity of Mehevi | ||
Chapter 26188 | ||
King Mehevi | ||
Allusion to his Hawiian Majesty | ||
Conduct of Marheyo and Mehevi in certain delicate matters | ||
Peculiar system of Marriage | ||
Number of Population | ||
Uniformity | ||
Embalming | ||
Places of Sepulture | ||
Funeral obsequies at Nukuheva | ||
Number of Inhabitants in Typee | ||
Location of the Dwellings | ||
Happiness enjoyed in the Valley | ||
A Warning | ||
Some ideas with regard to the Civilization of the Islands | ||
Reference to the Present state of the Hawiians | ||
Story of a Missionary's Wife | ||
Fashionable Equipages at Oahu | ||
Reflections | ||
Chapter 27200 | ||
The Social Condition and General Character of the Typees | ||
Chapter 28206 | ||
Fishing Parties | ||
Mode of distributing the Fish | ||
Midnight Banquet | ||
Timekeeping Tapers | ||
Unceremonious style of eating the Fish | ||
Chapter 29210 | ||
Natural History of the Valley | ||
Golden Lizards | ||
Tameness of the Birds | ||
Mosquitos | ||
Flies | ||
Dogs | ||
A solitary Cat | ||
The Climate | ||
The Cocoa-nut Tree | ||
Singular modes of climbing it | ||
An agile young Chief | ||
Fearlessness of the Children | ||
Too-Too and the Cocoa-nut Tree | ||
The Birds of the Valley | ||
Chapter 30217 | ||
A Professor of the Fine Arts | ||
His Persecutions | ||
Something about Tattooing and Tabooing | ||
Two Anecdotes in illustration of the latter | ||
A few thoughts on the Typee Dialect | ||
Chapter 31226 | ||
Strange custom of the Islanders | ||
Their Chanting, and the peculiarity of their Voice | ||
Rapture of the King at first hearing a Song | ||
A new Dignity conferred on the Author | ||
Musical Instruments in the Valley | ||
Admiration of the Savages at beholding a Pugilistic Performance | ||
Swimming Infant | ||
Beautiful Tresses of the Girls | ||
Ointment for the Hair | ||
Chapter 32231 | ||
Apprehensions of Evil | ||
Frightful Discovery | ||
Some remarks on Cannibalism | ||
Second Battle with the Happars | ||
Savage Spectacle | ||
Mysterious Feast | ||
Subsequent Disclosures | ||
Chapter 33240 | ||
The Stranger again arrives in the Valley | ||
Singular Interview with him | ||
Attempt to Escape | ||
Failure | ||
Melancholy Situation | ||
Sympathy of Marheyo | ||
Chapter 34 | ||
The Escape | 245 | |
Appendix | Provisional cession to Lord George Paulet of the Sandwich Islands | 254 |
Sequel: The Story of Toby | 259 |
What People are Saying About This
Melville at his best invariably wrote from a sort of dream self, so that events which he relates of actual facts have a far deeper reference to his own soul and his own inner life.
We are, perhaps, after a century of literary wasteland, able to read not only a personal predicament but a general truth in Melville's blasted island, bedeviled ships, misshapen houses, falling towers, kicking tables, and blank brick city walls. The appetite for truth is what gives Melville's narrative a persistent interest and, even under the spell of discouragement, that untoward verbal energy...like Billy Budd, Melville when a sailor on a man-of-war was a top man, at home on the highest yarns, enjoying the ride of few...Melville instinctively aspired to the grandest scale, and even his shorter works offers vast inklings and resonance of cosmic concerns.