Toxicology of Insecticides

by Fumio Matusmura

Overview

The most rewarding aspect of writing a book is receiving encouraging comments from one's colleagues, since one always wonders whether fair coverage was made of the work of others or whether some omissions were made. I feel very fortunate that many colleagues took the time to read the first edition of this book and chose to use it as a textbook in their teaching. During the past few years they have given me valuable suggestions by pointing out areas that needed to be added to improve the book. Toxicology is one of the fastest moving scientific fields. In the areas of insecticide toxicology many new advances have been made since this treatise first appeared. Therefore, it would not be easy to write even a review paper that would not be outdated by the time it was published. In revising this volume I have made a conscious effort to adhere to the basic principles which have been developed over the years. While I have retained the basic framework of the original book, advances that fundamentally change certain concepts or add a new horizon have been chosen for updating those fields where applicable. The main emphasis has been placed on the addition of new sections and new compounds developed since 1975. Since the first edition appeared, several books covering technical details in each group have been published. They are excellent encyclopedic resources in their chosen areas, and are listed in each section as recommended reading material.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461295082
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	09/22/2011
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985
Pages:	598
Product dimensions:	5.98(w) x 9.02(h) x 0.05(d)

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 1.1. Toxicology.- 1.2. Pesticide Use Patterns.- 1.3. References.- 2 General Principles of Insecticide Toxicology.- 2.1. Evaluation of Toxicity.- 2.2. Analytical Methods for Insecticides.- 2.3. References.- 3 Classification of Insecticides.- 3.1. History and General Groupings of Insecticidal Compounds.- 3.2. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides.- 3.3 Organophosphorus Insecticides.- 3.4. Carbamate Insecticides.- 3.5. Thiocyanate Insecticides.- 3.6. Dinitrophenols.- 3.7. Fluoroacetate Derivatives.- 3.8. Acaricidal Chemicals: Sulfonates, Sulfones, Sulfides, and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds.- 3.9. Fumigants.- 3.10. Inorganic Insecticides.- 3.11. Botanical Insecticides.- 3.12. Synergists.- 3.13. Hormone Mimics.- 3.14. Inhibitors of Cuticle Formation.- 3.15. Microbial Insecticides.- 3.16. References.- 4 Modes of Action of Insecticides.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Classification of Insecticides by Their Actions.- 4.3. The Nervous System.- 4.4. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides.- 4.5. Naturally Occurring Botanical Insecticides.- 4.6. Organofluorine Compounds: Fluoroacetate and Its Analogues.- 4.7. Anticholinesterases: Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides.- 4.8. Inhibitors of Respiratory Enzymes.- 4.9. Inhibitors of Mixed-Function Oxidases.- 4.10. Chlordimeform and Its Analogues.- 4.11. Avermectins.- 4.12 Inhibitors of Chitin Synthesis.- 4.13. Use of Physicochemical Parameters for Analysis of Structure-Activity Relationships.- 4.14. References.- 5 Metabolism of Insecticides by Animals and Plants.- 5.1 General Types of Metabolic Activities.- 5.2 Primary Metabolic Processes.- 5.3. Conjugation Systems: Secondary Metabolic Processes.- 5.4. Metabolic Reactions Characteristic of Each Group of Insecticidal Chemicals.- 5.5. References.- 6 Toxicological Studies in Insects.- 6.1. Penetration of Insecticides through the Insect Cuticle.- 6.2. Routes of Insecticide Entry into Insects.- 6.3. Insect Resistance to Insecticides.- 6.4. References.- 7 Dynamics of Insecticide Movement in the Animal Body.- 7.1 Routes of Insecticide Entry into Higher Animals.- 7.2. Total Intake-Elimination Dynamics.- 7.3. Transport of Insecticides by Blood and Body Fluid.- 7.4. Distribution and Redistribution within the Animal Body.- 7.5. Factors Affecting Storage and Release.- 7.6. Penetration and Distribution into Vital Organs and Tissues.- 7.7. Elimination of Insecticides: Excretion and Secretion.- 7.8. References.- 8 Movement of Insecticides in the Environment.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2 Residues of Insecticides.- 8.3. Movement of Residues in the Environment.- 8.4. “Benchmark” Approach to Predicting Environmental Behavior of Pesticides.- 8.5. References.- 9 Environmental Alteration of Insecticide Residues.- 9.1. Characteristics of Environmental Alteration.- 9.2. Characteristics of Microbial Metabolism.- 9.3. Metabolism of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides by Microorganisms.- 9.4. Metabolism of Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides by Microorganisms.- 9.5. Metablolism of Acaricidal Compounds by Microorganisms.- 9.6. Degradation by Sunlight and Other Physical Factors.- 9.7. References.- 10 Effects of Pesticides on Wildlife.- 10.1 General Survey of Residue Levels in Various Ecosystems.- 10.2 Hazards to Wildlife.- 10.3. Biological Transfer and Bioaccumulation.- 10.4. References.- 11 Hazards to Man and Domestic Animals.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Acute Poisoning by Insecticidal Chemicals.- 11.3. Chronic Toxicity and Studies on Subtle Effects.- 11.4. Insecticide Residues in Man.- 11.5. References.- Author Index.