To Raise and Discipline an Army: Major General Enoch Crowder, the Judge Advocate General's Office, and the Realignment of Civil and Military Relations in World War I

by Joshua Kastenberg

Overview

Major General Enoch Crowder served as the Judge Advocate General of the United States Army from 1911 to 1923. In 1915, Crowder convinced Congress to increase the size of the Judge Advocate General's Office—the legal arm of the United States Army—from thirteen uniformed attorneys to more than four hundred. Crowder's recruitment of some of the nation's leading legal scholars, as well as former congressmen and state supreme court judges, helped legitimize President Woodrow Wilson's wartime military and legal policies. As the United States entered World War I in 1917, the army numbered about 120,000 soldiers. The Judge Advocate General's Office was instrumental in extending the military's reach into the everyday lives of citizens to enable the construction of an army of more than four million soldiers by the end of the war. Under Crowder's leadership, the office was responsible for the creation and administration of the Selective Service Act, under which thousands of men were drafted into military service, as well as enforcement of the Espionage Act and wartime prohibition. In this first published history of the Judge Advocate General's Office between the years of 1914 and 1922, Joshua Kastenberg examines not only courts-martial, but also the development of the laws of war and the changing nature of civil-military relations. The Judge Advocate General's Office influenced the legislative and judicial branches of the government to permit unparalleled assertions of power, such as control over local policing functions and the economy. Judge advocates also altered the nature of laws to recognize a person's diminished mental health as a defense in criminal trials, influenced the assertion of US law overseas, and affected the evolving nature of the law of war. This groundbreaking study will appeal to scholars, students, and general readers of US history, as well as military, legal, and political historians.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781609092139
Publisher:	Northern Illinois University Press
Publication date:	04/15/2017
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	494
File size:	1 MB
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Joshua E. Kastenberg is professor of law at the University of New Mexico. He served as an officer in the US Air Force from 1995 to 2016 and has published several books on law and the military, including Shaping US Military Law.

Table of Contents

Preface vii

Introduction 3

1 Enoch Crowder and the Wilson Presidency 11

2 Staffing and Directing the Judge Advocate General's Department: Duties and Discipline 40

3 The Conscripting and Training of a Disciplined Force 93

4 Judge Advocates in the AEF 150

5 International Law and Administrative Duties in War and After the Armistice 198

6 Political Oversight of Military Discipline 250

7 Courts-Martial, Concerns over Subversion, and Conscientious Objection 300

8 Courts-Martial and Discipline Controversy: 1918-1920 352

Conclusion: Return to Normalcy and a Forgotten History 408

Bibliography 425

Notes 437

Index 485

What People are Saying About This

Burrus M. Carnahan

This is an original and significant contribution to the fields of legal history and US military history, thoroughly researched and clearly written.

Fred L. Borch

No book has ever told the story behind this remarkable expansion of military legal talent. Kastenberg shows that the influential work of army lawyers significantly altered civil-military relations in the US. He should be commended for his exhaustive use of primary sources.

Editorial Reviews

To Raise and Discipline an Army is a significant contribution to the study of World War I and American legal history. Kastenberg has produced an unrivaled examination of the legal and administrative factors that underpinned the nation's military mobilization and the challenges that the army faced in keeping the doughboys orderly and obedient.

Missouri Historical Review

"To Raise and Discipline an Army is a significant contribution to the study of World War I and American legal history. Kastenberg has produced an unrivaled examination of the legal and administrative factors that underpinned the nation's military mobilization and the challenges that the army faced in keeping the doughboys orderly and obedient."—Missouri Historical Review

"No book has ever told the story behind this remarkable expansion of military legal talent. Kastenberg shows that the influential work of army lawyers significantly altered civil-military relations in the US. He should be commended for his exhaustive use of primary sources."—Fred L. Borch, regimental historian and archivist, US Army Judge Advocate General's Corps

"This is an original and significant contribution to the fields of legal history and US military history, thoroughly researched and clearly written."—Burrus M. Carnahan, lecturer in law, The George Washington University, former judge advocate, US Air Force  "

From the Publisher