The preeminent American novelist and short story writer of his time, Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) wrote provocative fiction steeped in the experiences of the "lost generation" that came of age during World War I. Hemingway's four best-known books — The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Old Man and the Sea — highlight the author's trademark economy of style while depicting lives shaped by futility, frustration, and disappointment. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.