Democracy, the liberal representative democracy, is by definition conjunctional, through the circles of periodic elections, but it is ultimately judged historically, out of result. Democracy moves according the short historical time, but the results of democratic choices are very often seen in deep in the historical time. The parallel rise of radical national and extreme right, the expansion of Euro-skepticism, illiberal democracy, the British decision for Brexit are individual phenomena moving in a different way and pace from one country to another, a common denominator that is the function, pathogenesis and resilience of the Republic. But the modern era, which has highlighted the integral form of liberal democracy, has also highlighted the institution that seeks to reconcile the relationship of the Republic with the conjuncture and the history at the same time. This institution is the Constitution. When the process of revising the Constitution is underway, the editorial or revisionist moment acquires the heavy and dangerous privilege to claim historical characteristics. Then, there arises the danger of choices of frivolous, instant, random, untrained, populist - or even volontaristic - gaining the maximum legal power of the constitutional order and appearing as "historical". But there is no worse form of populism than constitutional populism. This book seeks to act just as a counterweight to constitutional populism.
