Table of Contents
Translator's Introduction xiii
I The Concept of Atheism and the History of Philosophy as a Problem (1964) 3
1 On the Concept of Atheism 7
(Rationalism - Empiricism - Rationalist Denial of Original Sin - Classification of Atheism - Schopenhauer, Comte, Stirner, Sartre, Juvalta - An Objection)
2 Atheism, Anti-Clericalism, Heresy 34
(Essence of Anti-Clericalism - Renouvier - Martinetti)
3 Criteria for a History of Atheism 48
4 From the Concept of Atheism to the History of Philosophy as a Problem 50
(Axiological Meaning of Modernity - Atheism and Historicism - Three Objections)
5 Visions of History and the Idea of Revolution 60
(The Four Essential Visions - Their Opponents - Need for a Critique)
6 Towards a Critique of the Ordinary Vision of the History of Philosophy 63
(Idealist Vision - Brunchvicg - Philosophy through History - Marxist Visions)
7 The Role of the Religious Philosophy of Existence in the Problematization of the History of Philosophy 70
(Religious Existentialism - Decadentism - Ontologism)
8 The Place of Marxism in the History of Philosophy 83
(My View - Historicist Objections - Unique Philosophical Character of Marxism - Consequences)
9 Contemporary History as Philosophical History 99
10 The Greatest Mistake When Interpreting Marxism, and Its Consequences 101
(Relationship between-Marx and Feuerbach - Continuations of Feuerbach)
11 The Form of the Critical Power of Marxism 114
(Annihilation of Historicism and Existentialism - Fascism - Nazism - Evolution of Communism - Contradiction and Necessary Crisis of Marxism)
12 The Nietzsche Problem 140
(Incompatibility of Marx and Nietzsche - Nietzsche and Nazism - Shestov)
13 Order of Research 157
II Marx's "Non-Philosophy" and Communism as a Political Reality (1946) 169
1 The Methodological Interpretation 169
2 Marx's Non-Philosophy 190
3 Marxism and Western Culture 201
III Marxism and the Qualitative Leap (1948) 215
1 The Qualitative Leap 215
2 Critique of the Christian-Marxist Interpretation 222
3 Chnstianity and Marxism 230
IV Notes on Western Irreligion (1963) 237
1 Atheism or "Natural Irreligion"? 237
2 On Contemporary Sociologism 260
V Reflections on the Atheistic Option (1961) 272
1 Absolute Atheism and Practical Atheism 272
2 Atheistic Moments in the History of Philosophy 282
3 The Atheistic Option 289
4 Atheism and Criterion of Truth 299
5 Pascal's Definition of Atheism 302
VI The Pascal Problem and Contemporary Atheism (1964) 308
1 Lucien Goldmann's Marxist "Pari" 308
2 The Standard Secular Vision of the History of Modern Philosophy 318
3 Inevitability of the Cartesian Beginning 329
4 The Concept of Catholic Reformation 334
5 Goldmann on Descartes and Pascal 335
6 The "Significant Structure"of Cartesianism 342
7 The Crisis of Molinism in Descartes 356
8 From Descartes to Pascal 368
9 From Pascal to Maleranche 383
10 From Malebranche to Vico 394
11 Continuity of the Philosophy of the Catholic Reformation 416
VII Political Theism and Atheism (1962) 420
1 The Postulate of Progress and the Postulate of Sin 424
2 Free Will and Political Freedom 440
Conclusion 450
Index of Names 475