Table of Contents
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
I The Study of Law 1
A Scope of Law 3
B Change in Societal Perceptions 5
C Change in Individual Perceptions 6
II Societal Beliefs about the Nature of Law 7
A The Political Process 8
B Regulatory Law and Societal Stability 9
1 Divorce 10
2 Abortion 16
III Lineage and Organization of the Book 19
A Lineage of the Book 21
B Organization of the Book 23
Sociological Concepts and Law
Chapter 2 Social Productivity 37
I Introduction 37
II Definitions and Context 43
III Social Productivity and Societal Institutions 46
IV Standards for Behavior and Societal Institutions 49
V The Outputs of Social Productivity 51
A Reputation 52
B Symbols 59
C Trust and Perceptions of Fairness 61
VI Investment Companies, Investment Advisers, and the Regulation of Conflicts of Interest 63
A Securities 64
B Directors of Investment Companies 66
C Fiduciary Duty of Investment Advisers 68
D Compensation of Investment Advisers 70
VII Conclusion 73
Chapter 3 Social Productivity and the Regulation of Mutual Fund Boards of Directors 97
I Introduction 98
II The Investment Company Act and Investment Company Directors 98
A Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act 101
B Securities and Exchange Commission Rules 104
III Fiduciary Duties of Investment Company Directors 106
A Duty of Care and Duty of Loyalty 109
B Good Faith 111
C Summary 112
D In re Nuveen Fund Litigation 113
E Director Status under Section 2(a)(19) and Director Liability for Board Decisions 116
IV The Macrosociological Nature of Investment Company Regulation 120
V Penalties for Shareholder Exploitation 122
A A Proposal 123
B Discussion 126
Chapter 4 Social Values 151
I Introduction 151
II The Financial Market Upheaval of 2008 153
III Sociological Concepts and Financial Market Exigencies 157
IV Change in Social Values in the United States 159
A Measures of Social Values 159
B Social Values and Intellectual Skills 164
V Investment Company Act 166
A Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) 168
B Section 7(d) 170
C Section 12(d)(1) 172
VI Conclusion 177
Chapter 5 The Public-Private Dichotomy in Morality and Law 197
I The Rule and Role of Law in Society 198
A The Rule of Law 198
B Law as a Regulator 199
C Law in a Macrosociological Framework 200
D The Role of Law 203
II Investment Advisers 204
A Investment Advisers in the Economy 204
B Investment Advisers Act 207
1 Statutory Definition 207
2 Release IA-1092 208
III An Empirical Study of Determinants of Law 213
A Variables 214
B Data Analysis 219
C Discussion 223
IV Change in the Status of Women and the Content of Law 225
V Conclusion 230
Jurisdiction Properties and Law
Chapter 6 Jurisdiction Properties and Law on Social Issues in the United States 253
I Introduction 253
A Sex Roles 255
B The Investment Company Act and the Concept of "Person" 256
C Age of Majority 258
II Knowledge as a Societal Property 263
III Law and Abortion 271
A Change in Law on Abortion, 1967-1973 272
B Factors Affecting Decisions by Women to Abort Pregnancies 272
C Time-Series Indicators of a Societal Need for Abortion 279
D System-Level Properties and the Liberalization of State Abortion Law 284
E The Conway-Butler Study 299
IV The Concept of Societal Need 302
A Functionalism 303
B Societal Need and Abortion 307
Chapter 7 Jurisdiction Properties and Law on Same-Sex Relationships in Europe 339
I The Societal Context 339
A Supply of Knowledge 341
B Social Classifications and the Concept of Discrimination 342
C Population Density 344
D The Institution of Marriage 345
II Law in Europe on Same-Sex Non-Marital Partnerships and Same-Sex Marriage 348
III Antecedents of Law on Same-Sex Non-Marital Partnerships and Same-Sex Marriage 350
A Independent Variables 350
B Measurement of Variables and Sources of Data 356
C Statistical Technique 358
D Data Analysis 359
IV Discussion 366
Chapter 8 Jurisdiction Properties and State Regulation of Lawyers 393
I Symbols in Law and Society 394
II Appearances and Symbolism in Law 399
III The Statutory Definition of the Occupation of Investment Adviser 404
IV The Appearance-of-Impropriety Standard for Attorney Conduct 408
A Model Ethical Standards Promulgated by the American Bar Association 409
B Research Design 411
C Data Analysis 416
D Discussion of Findings 422
V Conclusion 426
Chapter 9 Research on the Societal Determinants of Law 455
I Introduction 455
II Macrosociology and Law 456
III Jurisdiction Characteristics as Causes of Law: Research Issues 458
A Independent Variables 459
B Types of Data and Measurement of Variables 460
C Data Analysis 465
D Generalizability of Study Findings 467
Index 475