Table of Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Introduction 1
A note on the sources 2
Part 1 The Rise of the Normans
Chapter 1 Establishment and Expansion in Normandy 7
Chapter 2 Legitimacy in the South 14
Part 2 The Commanders
Chapter 3 Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily (d.1085) 25
Chapter 4 William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy (1035-1087), King of England (1066-1087) 34
Chapter 5 Richard I, Count of Aversa and Prince of Capua (d.1078) 47
Chapter 6 Roger I, Count of Sicily (d.1101) 53
Chapter 7 William II Rufus, King of England (1087-1100) 63
Chapter 8 Robert II Curthose, Duke of Normandy (1087-1106) 80
Chapter 9 Henry I, King of England (1100-1135), Duke of Normandy (1106-1135) 88
Chapter 10 Bohemond, Prince of Antioch (d.1111) 100
Part 3 Battles and Campaigns
Chapter 11 Introduction 116
Chapter 12 In the North 117
Val-ès-Dunes 1047 117
Hastings 14 October 1066 120
Tinchebrai 28 September 1106 133
Alençon December 1118 137
Brémule 20 August 1119 138
Bourgthéroulde 26 March 1124 142
Chapter 13 In the South 145
The Three Battles of 1041 145
Civitate 17 June 1053 149
Cerami, June 1063 157
Misilmeri 1068 161
Dyrrhachium 18 October 1081 162
Part 4 The Norman Way of War
Chapter 14 The Nature of Warfare across the Norman World 172
Chapter 15 Recruitment, Organisation and Mercenaries 175
Obligated Troops 176
Stipendiary/Mercenary troops 180
Chapter 16 The Normans and their Horses 184
Chapter 17 Logistics and Supply 188
Chapter 18 Training 192
Chapter 19 Leadership and Discipline 194
Chapter 20 Strategy 196
The Role of Castles and their Garrisons 196
The Nature of Sieges 199
Ravaging and Harrying 206
Using the Landscape 208
Stratagems and Ruses 214
Chapter 21 Tactics on the Battlefield 216
Command and Control 216
Mounted Tactics: Shock Cavalry, Stirrups, Couched Lances and the Feigned Retreat 218
Infantry Tactics: Heavy and Light Infantry 226
Infantry Tactics: Archers and Crossbowmen 228
Conclusion 231
Bibliography 234
Index 238
