The Milk Cows: The U-Boat Tankers at War 1941 - 1945

The Milk Cows: The U-Boat Tankers at War 1941 - 1945

by John F. White
The Milk Cows: The U-Boat Tankers at War 1941 - 1945

The Milk Cows: The U-Boat Tankers at War 1941 - 1945

by John F. White

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Overview

During the Second World War the Germans developed a specially adapted U-boat oil tanker with two aims. First, by refueling the attack U-boat fleet their range of operations and duration of patrol could be significantly increased. Secondly, these underwater tankers were far more likely to avoid detection than surface support ships.

The submarine tankers, affectionately known as Milk Cows, were regarded by both the Germans and the Allies as the most important element of the U-boat fleet. Allied forces had orders to attack the tankers first whenever a choice was presented.

Until late 1942 the German Milk Cows operated with great success and few losses. But from 1943 onwards the German rendezvous ciphers were repeatedly broken by the Allies and losses mounted rapidly. The Milk Cows were highly vulnerable during the lengthy refueling procedure as they lay stationary on the surface, hatches open. By the end of the war virtually every tanker had been sunk with severe loss of life.

The story of this critical campaign has been thoroughly researched by the author and is told against the background of changing U-boat fortunes.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781399085199
Publisher: Pen and Sword
Publication date: 04/27/2022
Pages: 272
Product dimensions: 6.10(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

John F White is an author and a historian.

Table of Contents

List of Maps vii

Preface viii

Acknowledgements xi

Lntroduction 1

Chapter 1 The Birth of the U-Tanker 3

Chapter 2 The Supply Ships 10

Chapter 3 The German Ciphers are Broken 13

Chapter 4 Remote Areas 21

Chapter 5 'Paukenschlag' against America 29

Chapter 6 The U-Tankers 44

Chapter 7 New Allied Weapons 64

Chapter 8 Onslaught on the Convoy Routes 68

Chapter 9 Attack on Cape Town 87

Chapter 10 The Problems Mount 94

Chapter 11 Black May 112

Chapter 12 Disaster in the Bay 122

Chapter 13 Disaster in the Atlantic 147

Chapter 14 Refuelling in Other Theatres 163

Chapter 15 Return to the North Atlantic 186

Chapter 16 Maintaining the Pressure 207

Chapter 17 The End of the Milk Cows 217

Epilogue 233

Appendix 1 Results Achieved by the Milk Cows 237

Appendix 2 Spanish Co-operation 1940-2 238

Appendix 3 Known War Cruises 240

Appendix 4 Principal U-boat Types in this Book 245

Appendix 5 U-boat Quadrant Map 246

Appendix 6 German Naval Ranks 247

Bibliography 248

Index 251

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