Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 7
Introduction 13
Part 1 Memory, Cognition and SpLDs/SLDs
1 Memory, Processing and SpLDs/SLDs 19
Working memory 19
Long-term memory 24
Processing 30
Memory, processing and individual SpLDs/SLDs 33
Co-occurrence of SpLDs/SLDs 35
Memory and processing strategies: The secret weapon for SpLDs/SLDs 37
2 Cognition and SpLDs/SLDs 41
Thinking and reasoning skills 41
Problem-solving 43
Metacognition 45
Brain symmetry/handedness and SpLDs 48
The impact of SpLDs/SLDs on performance 51
Good days…bad days … 54
Part 2 Visual and Auditory Brain
3 Visual Memory 57
Visual episodic memory 57
Visual working memory 58
Visual memory strategies 59
Key visual memory strategies 60
4 Visual Processing 73
Reading and visual processing 73
Types of visual processing 76
Key strategies for visual processing 79
Visual motor processing 86
5 Auditory Memory 91
Auditory working memory 91
Auditory memory strategies 92
6 Auditory Processing 101
Underlying causes 102
Auditory processing and SpLDs 103
Types of auditory processing 104
Key strategies for auditory processing 106
Auditory training programmes 116
Phonological processing 116
Strategies for phonological processing 118
Part 3 The Melting Pot: Mixed Memory and Processing Strategies
7 Mixed Memory Strategies 125
Mixed classroom strategies 125
Mixed learning styles 125
Mixed memory strategies 128
8 Information Processing Strategies for Academic Literacy 135
Academic reading comprehension 136
Proofreading strategies 139
The writing process 140
9 Strategies for Examinations 157
Revision technique 158
The exam room 166
Part 4 Executive Function and Wellbeing
10 The Importance of Executive Function 177
Central executive 177
Executive function 178
Executive function and SpLDs 179
Strategies for executive function 183
Achieving results 206
11 Wellbeing 207
Emotional turbulence 208
Attentional bias 208
Stress, anxiety and worry 210
Strategies for worry/anxiety 211
Strategies for stress 214
Sleep 221
Strategies for sleep 224
A final word 229
Appendix 1 SpLD/SLD Labels 231
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 231
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) 232
Autistic spectrum condition/ASD 232
DAMP (Deficits in Attention, Motor Control and Perception) 233
Dysgraphia 233
Dyscalculia 234
Dyslexia 234
Dyspraxia/DCD 235
Visual Processing Disorder (VPD) 235
Appendix 2 Psychometric Testing for SpLDs 237
Assessment score interpretation 237
Assessment score distribution 238
Percentile scores 238
Confidence intervals 239
Resources
Resource 1 Revision Timetable 243
Resource 2 Key Memory Strategies 245
Resource 3 Revision Techniques 247
Resource 4 Foreign Language Revision 251
Resource 5 Organization Checklist 253
Resource 6 Whiteboard Planning Template 255
Resource 7 Signal Words 257
References 259
Subject Index 271
Author Index 285