Table of Contents
Introduction to the 2006 Verso Edition ix
Introduction xxix
Chapter 1 Commodities, Values and Class Relations 1
I Use Values, Exchange Values and Values 5
1 Use values 5
2 Exchange value, money and the price system 9
3 The value theory 14
4 The theory of surplus value 20
II Class Relations and the Capitalist Principle of Accumulation 24
1 The class role of the capitalist and the imperative to accumulate 28
2 The implications for the labourer of accumulation by the capitalist 29
3 Class, value and the contradiction of the capitalist law of accumulation 32
Appendix The Theory of Value 35
Chapter 2 Production and Distribution 39
I The Share of Variable Capital in Total Social Product, the Value of Labour Power and Wage Rate Determination 45
1 The subsistence wage 49
2 Supply and demand for labour power 50
3 Class struggle over the wage rate 52
4 The accumulation process and the value of labour power 55
II The Reduction of Skilled to Simple Labour 57
III The Distribution of Surplus Value and the Transformation from Values into Prices of Production 61
IV Interest, Rent, and Profit on Merchants' Capital 68
1 Merchants' capital 71
2 Money capital and interest 72
3 Rent on land 73
4 Distribution relations and class relations in historical perspective 73
Chapter 3 Production and Consumption, Demand and Supply and the Realization of Surplus Value 75
I Production and Consumption, Demand and Supply and the Critique of Say's Law 79
II The Production of Surplus Value 83
1 The lime structure and costs of realization 85
2 The structural problems of realization 87
III The Problem of Effective Demand and the Contradiction between the Relations of Distribution and the Conditions of Realization of Surplus Value 89
Chapter 4 Technological Change, the Labour Process and the Value Composition of Capital 98
I The Productivity of Labour Under Capitalism 104
II The Labour Process 106
III The Sources of Technological Change Under Capitalism 119
IV The Technical, Organic and Value Compositions of Capital 125
V Technological Change and Accumulation 133
Chapter 5 The Changing Organization of Capitalist Production 137
Chapter 6 The Dynamics of Accumulation 156
I The Production of Surplus Value and the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation 157
II Accumulation through Expanded Reproduction 166
III The Falling Rate of Profit and its Countervailing Influences 176
Chapter 7 Overaccumulation, Devaluation and the 'First-Cut' Theory of Crisis 190
I Overaccumulation and Devaluation of Capital 192
II The 'Constant Devaluation' of Capital that Results from the Rising Productivity of Labour 196
III Devaluation through Crises 200
Chapter 8 Fixed Capital 204
I The Circulation of Fixed Capital 208
II The Relations between Fixed and Circulating Capital 215
III Some Special Forms of Fixed Capital Circulation 223
1 Fixed capital of large scale and great durability 224
2 Fixed capital of an 'independent' kind 226
IV The Consumption Fund 229
V The Built Environment for Production, Exchange and Consumption 232
VI Fixed Capital, the Consumption Fund and the Accumulation of Capital 235
Chapter 9 Money, Credit and Finance 239
I Money and Commodities 241
II The Transformation of Money into Capital 251
III Interest 255
IV The Circulation of Interest-Bearing Capital and the Functions of the Credit System 260
1 The mobilization of money as capital 262
2 Reductions in the cost and time of circulation 263
3 Fixed capital circulation and consumption fund formation 264
4 Fictitious capital 266
5 The equalization of the profit rate 270
6 The centralization of capital 271
V The Credit System: Instrumentalities and Institutions 272
1 The general principles of financial mediation: the circulation of capital and the circulation of revenues 273
2 Joint stock companies and markets for fictitious capital 276
3 The banking system 279
4 State institutions 281
Chapter 10 Finance Capital and its Contradictions 283
I The Credit System According to Marx 284
II Finance Capital According to Lenin and Hilferding 288
III The Contradiction between the Financial System and its Monetary Basis 292
IV The Interest Rate and Accumulation 296
V The Accumulation Cycle 300
1 Stagnation 301
2 Recovery 301
3 Credit-based expansion 302
4 Speculative fever 303
5 The crash 304
VI The Politics of Money Management 305
VII Inflation as a Form of Devaluation 307
VIII Finance Capital and its Contradictions 316
1 Finance capital as a 'class' of financiers and money capitalists 317
2 Finance capital as the unity of banking and industrial capital 319
3 Finance capital and the state 321
IX The 'Second-Cut' Theory of Crises: The Relation between Production, Money and Finance 324
Chapter 11 The Theory of Rent 330
I The Use Value of Land 333
1 The land as the basis for reproduction and extraction 334
2 Space, place and location 337
3 Location, fertility and prices of production 341
II Landed Property 343
III The Forms of Rent 349
1 Monopoly rent 349
2 Absolute rent 350
3 Differential rent 353
IV The Contradictory Role of Ground Rent and Landed Property within the Capitalist Mode of Production 358
1 The separation of the labourer from the land as means of production 359
2 Landownership and the principle of private property 360
3 Landed property and capital flow 360
V Distribution Relations and Class Struggle between Landlord and Capitalist 362
VI The Land Market and Fictitious Capital 367
Chapter 12 The Production of Spatial Configurations: The Geographical Mobilities of Capital and Labour 373
I Transport Relations and the Mobility of Capital as Commodities 376
II The Mobility of Variable Capital and Labour Power 380
III The Mobility of Money Capital 385
IV The Location of Production Processes 388
1 Technology versus location as sources of relative surplus value 390
2 The turnover time of capital in production 393
V The Spatial Configuration of Built Environments 395
VI The Territoriality of Social Infrastructures 398
VII The Mobilities of Capital and Labour Taken as a Whole 405
1 Complementarity 407
2 Contradictions and conflict 411
Chapter 13 Crises in the Space Economy of Capitalism: The Dialectics of Imperialism 413
I Uneven Geographical Development 415
II Geo Graphical Concentration and Dispersal 417
III The Regionalization of Class and Factional Struggle 419
IV Hierarchical Arrangements and the Internationalization of Capital 422
V The 'Third Cut' at Crises Theory: Geographical Aspects 424
1 Particular, individual and place-specific devaluation 425
2 Crisis formation within regions 426
3 Switching crises 428
4 Building new arrangements to co-ordinate spatial integration and geographical uneven development 429
VI Building Towards Global Crises 431
1 External markets and underconsumption 432
2 The export of capital for production 434
3 The expansion of the proletariat and primitive accumulation 436
4 The export of devaluation 438
VII Imperialism 439
VIII Inter-Imperialist Rivalries: Global War as the Ultimate form of Devaluation 442
Afterword 446
References 452
Name Index 467
Subject Index 469