The Future Has Other Plans: Planning Holistically to Conserve Natural and Cultural Heritage

by Jon Kohl, Steve McCool

Overview

Crisis has enveloped the more than 200,000 nationally and regionally protected natural and cultural heritage sites around the world. Heritage managers – those who manage natural sites such as national parks, wilderness areas, and biosphere reserves, as well as those who manage cultural sites including historic monuments, battlefields, heritage cities, and ancient rock art sites – face an urgent need to confront this crisis, and each day that they don't, more of our planet's common heritage disappears. Although heritage management and implementation suffer from a lack of money, time, personnel, information, and political will, The Future Has Other Plans argues that deeper causes to current problems lurk in the discipline itself. Drawing on decades of practical experience in global heritage management and case studies from around the world, Jon Kohl and Steve McCool provide an innovative solution for conserving these valuable protected areas. Merging interdisciplinary and evolving management paradigms, the authors introduce a new kind of holistic planning approach that integrates the practice of heritage management and conservation with operational realities.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781938486623
Publisher:	Fulcrum Publishing
Publication date:	12/01/2016
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	320
File size:	22 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Jon Kohl is coordinator and founder of the PUP Global Heritage Consortium , a non-profit global network dedicated to introducing emerging paradigms into the heritage management and planning field to stem the crisis of unimplemented management plans. He launched the Public Use Planning Process while working at RARE Center for Tropical Conservation in Honduras. Steve McCool is Professor Emeritus, Wildland Recreation Management, the Department of Society and Conservation of the College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, and Associate, Center for Protected Area Management, Colorado State University. He is a member of the World Commission on Protected Areas and currently serves on its Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group.

Table of Contents

Note from the Series Editor xi

Foreword xiii

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xvii

Introduction xxiii

Part I The Conventional Planning Story Is Poorly Adapted to a Changing World

1 Conventional Site Planning Shipwrecks on Rocky Assumptions 3

Plans Shipwreck on Conventional Assumptions 4

Conventional Planning Wreaks Havoc on Heritage 9

Planners Must First See That Planning Itself May Be Failing 12

Modern Heritage Site Planning Steams toward an Iceberg 13

2 Rational Comprehensive Planning Floats in a PLUS World 17

It Is the Eyes More Than the Evidence 18

Paradigms Filter the Universe 19

Paradigm Pioneers Often Face Resistance 20

The Paradigm of Conventional Heritage Site Planning 21

Conventional Planning Paradigm Has Deep Roots 22

Rational Comprehensive Planning Takes Over Protected Areas 24

Rational Comprehensive Planning Generates Barriers 29

When the Thinking Stops 35

The PLUS World Underpins Rational Comprehensive Planning 38

The PLUS Paradigm Dominates How We Think 42

A New Paradigm Is Brewing 43

As the PLUS World Shakes, Rational Comprehensive Planning Shifts 46

3 Changing Seas Threaten the PLUS World 51

Beyond PLUS Lies a World That Was Always There 52

Wicked and Messy Problems Are Part of a Larger System 56

From the Lowlands, Another World Challenges PLUS 60

Managers Expect Surprise and Emergence 73

It Is All DICE in Protected Areas 75

Because DICE World Conditions Change Quickly, Learning Is Paramount 79

4 Integral Theory: Charting a New Course for Heritage Planning 81

Expanding Consciousness to See the Other Side of the Iceberg 82

Integral Theory Helps Explain Worldview Change 84

States 85

Levels or Stages of Development 85

Lines of Development 86

Types 87

Quadrants 87

Leave Out a Quadrant, Leave Out Forces That Work Against Us 96

Consciousness Is a Principal Component of Integral Theory 97

Transition to a New Worldview Changes Many Paradigms 105

The Integral Map Points Us toward Possible Futures for Heritage Management 108

Part II Holistic Planning Responds to the Challenges of a Changing World

5 Managers' Minds Influence the Plans They Write 113

Mind the Mind 114

Conventional Planning Generates Various Mind-Based Barriers 125

Techniques That Integrate the Mind and Improve Plan Implementation 127

6 Managers' Well-Being, Behavior, and Skills Influence Plan Implementation 137

People's Behavior, Competencies, and Welfare Flow from Mental Experiences 138

Multiple Forces Influence Planner and Constituency Behavior, Competencies, and Welfare 138

Conventional Planning Generates UR Barriers 141

Trainings and Competencies Relevant for Improving Planning 144

Running the Risks of Just One Quadrant 160

7 Our Collective Mind Influences the Management Systems We Build 163

Together, Our Minds Make Culture 164

Forces That Influence Planning Implementation 172

Conventional Planning Generates Culture-Based Barriers to Plan Implementation 176

Strategies to Influence Culture and Improve Planning Implementation 176

Training and Application of Organizational Learning, Adaptive Management, and Collective Intelligence 185

8 The Management Institutions We Build Influence Our Heritage Sites 201

Our Institutions, Policies, and Technologies Influence Planning 202

Forces Affecting the LR 208

Conventional Planning Generates Various Institution-Based Barriers 211

Lower-Right Strategies Involve Lower-Right Forces 213

By Any Other Name, Planning Is about Power 231

9 Toward Holistic Planning 237

We Are on a U-Shaped Journey to the Depths of the iceberg and Back up Again toward a New Understanding of Planning and Implementation 238

Definition and Principles of Holistic Planning 244

Managers Can Head down the Holistic Planning Path 272

Finally, We Ascend the U into the Light on the Other Side of Complexity 277

Epilogue: Heritage Management Field Evolves Inevitably Toward a Tipping Point 281

Notes 285

References 289

Subject Matter Index 313

Editorial Reviews

"Readers who turn these pages will discover a new and compelling real-world view of planning - a view that treats planning as a continuous, facilitated conversation among heritage area community members. In this planning model the temporary action plan produced at the outset merely marks the beginning of a continuous decision-making process that lives on indefinitely - forever." —Sam H. Ham, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Communication Psychology and Conservation Social Sciences, University of Idaho


"In The Future has Other Plans, the authors demonstrate how contemporary planners need to work within legal and planning frameworks that were developed in an era when we believed the future could be predicted while in an era when we have come to realize that the future is highly uncertain and dynamic. First, they illustrate the assumptions that underpin the two eras. Then they help the reader understand their personal mental models about how change can be influenced. They conclude by merging the two together which provided an excellent basis to both critique and creativity develop planning projects. Through numerous case studies and clear explanations, complexity is something that becomes welcomed rather than feared, and the evolution of our understanding of planning for protected areas grows immensely. This book was well received by my upper division undergraduate students and graduate students alike." —Wayne Freimund PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University


"The Future Has Other Plans: Planning Holistically to Conserve Natural and Cultural Heritage, critiques failures of conventional planning they find to be based on an oversimplified, static world view over-reliant on technical expertise, and proposes 'holistic planning' in its place." —Planning Magazine


"Drawing on decades of practical experience in global heritage management and case studies from around the world, Jonathan and Stephen provide an innovative solution for conserving these valuable protected areas." —online review, Pacific Islands Protected Area Portal


"Many of the ideas presented in this text are contrary to how planning is conducted, and will certainly cause some to re-evaluate how they do their work." —Ryan Leonard Sharp, Built-heritage

From the Publisher