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The Calusa and Their Legacy: South Florida People and Their Environments
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The Calusa and Their Legacy: South Florida People and Their Environments
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Overview
The Calusa were a powerful native people on the Gulf coast, their influence spanning south Florida and lasting well into the European invasion. The Calusa and Their Legacy tells the story of the Calusa in relation to the unique environment that sustained them with abundance. This fascinating history is enhanced with illustrations created by artists at the Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville, where an exhibition has interpreted this story since 2002.
Locating the keys to Calusa prosperity in the mudflats, sea grass beds, and mangrove forests of Florida’s Gulf coast estuaries, archaeologists Darcie MacMahon and William Marquardt explore the world of the Calusa in vivid detail, from single-celled algae, oyster bars, and southern stingrays to remnant fishing nets, pottery, and woodcarvings. Linked closely to their extraordinary and plentiful ecosystem, the Calusa survived for centuries as an artistic and complex people defeated only by the ravages of disease, wars, slavery, and displacement.
Calusa traditions survive to the present day among the coastal fisherfolk and the vibrant cultures of Native Americans in south Florida—the Seminole and Miccosukee peoples. The Calusa and Their Legacy with encourage the appreciation and stewardship of south Florida’s multicultural history and ecology.
A volume in the series Native Peoples, Cultures, and Places of the Southeastern United States
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780813080925 |
---|---|
Publisher: | University Press of Florida |
Publication date: | 08/06/2024 |
Series: | Native Peoples, Cultures, and Places of the Southeastern United States |
Pages: | 232 |
Product dimensions: | 7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x (d) |
About the Author
William H. Marquardt is curator emeritus of south Florida archaeology and ethnography at the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Table of Contents
Foreword | xi | |
Acknowledgments | xiii | |
1 | South Florida People and Their Environments | 1 |
Who Were the Calusa? | 1 | |
How Do We Know about the Past? | 5 | |
2 | The Estuary: Cradle of the Ocean | 8 |
3 | What's the Big Picture? | 12 |
Abundant Plankton | 12 | |
Bacteria Rule | 13 | |
Algae: Salad of the Estuary | 13 | |
Diatoms: Algae That Live in Glass Houses | 14 | |
Small Things That Make a Difference | 14 | |
4 | Mudflats: What You Don't See Is What You Get | 15 |
Fiddler Crabs: A Mudflat Favorite | 18 | |
Horseshoe Crabs: An Ancient Parade | 18 | |
Tiny Crustaceans: Amphipods, Isopods, Copepods, and Ostracods | 18 | |
Worms That Live in Tubes: The Polychaetes | 20 | |
Mud Brittle Stars | 20 | |
Sturdy Clams: The Quahogs | 21 | |
Ever Dined at an Oyster Bar? | 22 | |
The Crown Conch: King of the Mud | 22 | |
A Study in Pink: The Roseate Spoonbill | 24 | |
5 | Sea Grass Beds | 25 |
Diners' Delights: Stone Crabs and Blue Crabs | 28 | |
Shrimp among the Sea Grasses | 28 | |
Lightning Whelks: Magnificent Snails | 30 | |
Old Blue Eyes: The Bay Scallop | 32 | |
Mollusks without Shells | 32 | |
Stars of the Sea Grass Beds | 33 | |
What Is a Sand Dollar, Really? | 33 | |
Cucumbers with Feet | 33 | |
At Home on a Sea Grass Blade | 34 | |
Sponges Alive! | 35 | |
Sea Whips: Animal Apartments That Look Like Plants | 35 | |
6 | The Sea | 37 |
Jellyfish: Really Big Plankton | 37 | |
Squid of Many Colors | 38 | |
A Horse Is a Horse, Unless It's a Seahorse | 39 | |
Flying through Water: The Rays and Skates | 39 | |
Tasty Fishes | 40 | |
Manatees: Elephants of the Sea | 42 | |
Sea Turtles: They Get Around | 43 | |
Bottlenose Dolphins: The Great Communicators | 44 | |
7 | Mangrove Forests | 48 |
Among the Roots | 52 | |
Tunicates: Strange Blobs or Highly Evolved Invertebrates? | 52 | |
Knock, Knock, Anybody Home? | 53 | |
Barnacles: Check Out Those Legs! | 53 | |
Anemones: Gardens on the Move | 54 | |
A Shy Crocodile | 55 | |
In the Tree Tops | 56 | |
Aerial Acrobat: The Mangrove Crab | 56 | |
The Mangrove Water Snake | 56 | |
The Mangrove Skipper: Iridescent Blue in a Sea of Green | 57 | |
Birds Galore: Mangrove Rookeries | 57 | |
Who Needs Glamour to Be Successful? | 59 | |
8 | The Bottom Line | 60 |
Protecting Florida's Estuaries | 60 | |
9 | The Fishing Heritage of Gulf Coastal Florida | 63 |
The First Coastal Dwellers | 63 | |
Fishing on the Gulf Coast of Florida | 65 | |
Foods from the Estuary | 65 | |
More Than Just Food | 65 | |
Nets of Plenty | 69 | |
Other Ways to Catch a Fish | 71 | |
The Mighty Canoe | 73 | |
10 | The Calusa | 75 |
Calusa Society | 75 | |
Where Did They Come From? | 75 | |
Leadership | 78 | |
The Calusa Name | 79 | |
The Calusa Capital | 80 | |
Calusa Connections: Trade, Exchange, and Tribute | 80 | |
Calusa Beliefs | 82 | |
Calusa Ceremonies | 85 | |
Calusa Hospitality | 88 | |
11 | Calusa Architecture and Engineering | 91 |
Calusa Canals | 93 | |
Calusa Earthworks | 95 | |
The Anatomy of Middens and Mounds | 96 | |
12 | The Calusa Legacy | 101 |
Master Woodworkers | 102 | |
Carved Bone and Shell | 103 | |
Florida Wet Sites | 103 | |
Conserving Wet-Site Objects | 103 | |
Key Marco | 105 | |
Woodpecker Plaque | 107 | |
Masks and Figureheads | 107 | |
Painted Box Sides | 107 | |
Other Items | 109 | |
Pineland | 109 | |
Waterbird Figure | 109 | |
Fort Center | 113 | |
Woodcarvings | 113 | |
New Materials, Ancient Designs | 114 | |
13 | The Calusa and the Europeans | 115 |
Early Encounters | 115 | |
Increased Contact | 117 | |
The Demise of Calusa Society | 118 | |
Are There Calusa Indian People in South Florida Today? | 121 | |
14 | Fishing since the Calusa | 122 |
Cuban and Indian Fishing in Southwest Florida | 122 | |
Technology Changes the Fishing Industry | 126 | |
Recent Indian Fishing in South Florida | 130 | |
The Future of Coastal Fishing in Florida | 130 | |
15 | Indian People in South Florida Today | 134 |
Origin | 134 | |
Wars and Removals | 136 | |
The Unconquered | 137 | |
The Archaeology and History of the Seminoles in North Florida | 138 | |
"Town of the White King" | 138 | |
Trading Posts | 140 | |
Cuscowilla and King Payne's Town | 142 | |
Clan Camps and War Camps | 143 | |
The "Black Seminoles": African Allies | 144 | |
16 | Seminole and Miccosukee Culture and Arts | 150 |
Clothing | 152 | |
Dolls | 152 | |
Basketry | 152 | |
Woodwork | 153 | |
Women's Dance Rattles | 154 | |
Silverwork | 155 | |
Beadwork | 156 | |
Fingerweaving | 157 | |
Kinship and Clans | 158 | |
Housing | 158 | |
Food | 159 | |
Language | 161 | |
Oral Traditions | 161 | |
Ceremonies | 162 | |
Medicine | 162 | |
17 | The Future of South Florida | 163 |
Places to Visit | 167 | |
Suggested Readings | 169 | |
Bibliography | 171 | |
Index | 177 |
What People are Saying About This
"Finally, a well-researched and entertaining look at the grand procession of life that has been flourishing in south Florida's estuaries for thousands of years. This book masterfully describes the wondrous and little-known stories of its inhabitants—from plankton to mangroves to the ancient Calusa to modern-day people."—Carol Newcomb-Jones, Florida Gulf Coast University