The Biochemistry of Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans

by William Lennarz (Editor)

Overview

Although glycoproteins and proteoglycans have been a subject of research for many years, it is only during the last five or so years that they have aroused the interest of a very broad cross section of investigators in the biological sciences. The reason for this expanded interest in these molecules is simple: not only are glycoproteins and proteoglycans ubiq­ uitous, but many are molecules with well-defined and important biological functions. The list of molecules that fall into this category grows daily; interferon, immunoglobulins, certain hormones, many cell surface recep­ tors, and viral coat proteins are but a few examples. Thus, investigators with interests as diverse as viral replication. cell-cell interactions. poly­ isoprenoid synthesis, secretory processes, hormone responses, embryonic development, and immunology have become concerned with glycoproteins and proteoglycans. The objective of this book is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the biochemistry of these molecules. Coverage is by no means encyclopedic; rather the thrust is to emphasize the recent ad­ vances. The first chapter deals primarily with structural work on the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins, but it will be apparent in it and in the succeeding two chapters on biosynthesis that not only do structural studies aid biosynthetic investigations, but that studies on biosynthesis often playa major role in elucidation of structure.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781468410082
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	02/18/2012
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1980
Pages:	381
Product dimensions:	5.98(w) x 9.02(h) x 0.03(d)

Table of Contents

1 Structure of Glycoproteins and their Oligosaccharide Units.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Isolation and Structural Analysis of Glycopeptides.- 3. Glycopeptides Containing Oligosaccharides Linked O-Glycosidically to the Peptide.- 4. Glycopeptides Containing the N-Acetylglucosaminyl-Asparagine Linkage.- 5. Role of Oligosaccharides in Glycoprotein Synthesis.- 6. References.- 2 The Function of Saccharide-Lipids in Synthesis of Glycoproteins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dolichol.- 3. Monoglycosyl Derivatives of Dolichol Phosphate.- 4. Assembly of Oligosaccharide-Lipids.- 5. Transfer of Oligosaccharide Chains to Endogenous Membrane Proteins.- 6. Transfer of the Oligosaccharide Chains from Oligosaccharide-Lipids to Exogenous, Soluble Proteins.- 7. A Model for Glycosylation of Membrane and Secretory Glycoproteins.- 8. Regulation of Glycoprotein Synthesis.- 9. Inhibitors of Glycosylation.- 10. References.- 3 Mammalian Glycosyltransferases: Their Role in the Synthesis and Function of Complex Carbohydrates and Glycolipids.- A 1. Introduction.- 2. Glycosyltransferases Involved in Elongation of N-Glycosidically Linked Oligosaccharides of the N-Acetyllactosamine type.- 3. Glycosyltransferases Involved in Synthesis of O-Glycosidically Linked Oligosaccharides.- B 1. Introduction.- 2. New Gangliosides.- 3. Occurrence and Subcellular Distribution.- 4. Gangliosides as Membrane Components.- 5. Biosynthesis and Degradation.- 6. Effect of Cell Transformation on Ganglioside Synthesis.- 7. Gangliosides in Development and Differentiation.- 8. Gangliosides as Membrane Receptors for Toxins and Hormones.- 9. References.- 4 Surface Carbohydrate Alterations of Mutant Mammalian Cells Selected for Resistance to Plant Lectins.- 1. Selection of Cells with Altered Surface Carbohydrate.- 2. Biochemical Basis of a Surface Carbohydrate Alteration.- 3. Genetic and Biochemical Properties of Glt1? CHO Cells.- 4. Surface Carbohydrate Alterations of Other Lectin-Resistant (LecR) Cell Lines.- 5. Membrane Properties of LecR Cells Possessing Specific Carbohydrate Alterations.- 6. Properties of Other LecR Cell Lines.- 7. Mechanisms of Lectin Cytotoxicity.- 8. Glycosylation Mutants Selected Without the Use of Lectins.- 9. Concluding Remarks.- 10. References.- 5 Alterations in Glycoproteins of the Cell Surface.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Growth-Dependent Changes in Asparagine-Linked Oligosaccharides of Membrane Glycoproteins.- 3. Transformation-Dependent Changes in Asparagine-Linked Glycopeptides.- 4. Changes in Serine- (Threonine-) Linked Oligosaccharides of Membrane Glycoproteins.- 5. Alterations in Glycosaminoglycans.- 6. Use of Endoglycosidases for Detecting Alterations in Cell Surface Glycopeptides.- 7. References.- 6 Carbohydrate Recognition Systems for Receptor-Mediated Pinocytosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Galactose-Binding Receptor of Mammalian Hepaytes.- 3. N-Acetylglucosamine-Binding Receptor of Avian Hepaytes.- 4. Mannose-6-Phosphate Recognition System of Human Fibroblasts.- 5. Mannose/N-Acetylglucosamine Recognition System of Reticuloendothelial Cells.- 6. Fucose Recognition System of Mammalian Hepaytes.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. References.- 7 Structure and Metabolism of Connective Tissue Proteoglycans.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Hyaluronic Acid.- 3. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans.- 4. Keratan Sulfate.- 5. Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans.- 6. Dermatan Sulfate.- 7. References.