Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments ix
Maps xiii
Introduction: Octavian and the Winning of a World xv
Part 1 Greek Historical Sources 1
Illustration: Northwestern Greece
Chapter 1 The Evidence of Plutarch 3
Chapter 2 The Lost Appian 14
Chapter 3 The Evidence of Dio Cassius 16
Chapter 4 Strabo's Geography 27
Chapter 5 The Evidence of Josephus 29
Part 2 Roman Historical Sources 33
Chapter 6 Velleius Paterculus 35
Chapter 7 Lost Roman Sources 39
Chapter 8 Octavian Himself 42
Chapter 9 Floru's and Eutropius' Detached Accounts 44
Chapter 10 The Evidence of Orosius 47
Part 3 Actium in Verse 53
Chapter 11 The Shield of Aeneas 55
Chapter 12 Horace's Epodes - The Earliest Evidence? 64
Chapter 13 Horace's Cleopatra Ode 69
Chapter 14 The Evidence of Elegy: Propertius 72
Chapter 15 An Allegorized Actium? 82
Chapter 16 The Lost Carmen de Bella Aegyptiaco/Actiaco 94
Part 4 Analyzing the Evidence 97
Illustration: The Battle of Actium, disposition of forces
Chapter 17 So What Really Happened? 99
Chapter 18 The Birth of a Romantic Legend 119
Part 5 The Aftermath 129
Chapter 19 'Death Comes as the End' 131
Afterword: Actium and Roman Naval Practice 151
Endnotes 154
Bibliography and Further Reading 186
Index 190
