System Analysis and Modelling in Air Transport: Demand, Capacity, Quality of Services, Economic, and Sustainability

by Milan Janic

Overview

This book presents a comprehensive analysis and modelling of demand, capacity, quality of services, economics, and sustainability of the air transport system and its main components - - airports, airlines, and ATC/ATM (Air Traffic Control/Management). Airports consist of the airside and landside area characterized by their capacities for handling demand such as aircraft, air passengers, and air freight/cargo shipments. Regarding spatial configuration, airlines generally operate hub-and-spoke (conventional or legacy airlines) and point-to-point (LCCs - Low Cost Carriers) air route networks. Their fleets consisting of different aircraft types provide transport capacity for serving demand including air passengers and freight/cargo shipments. The ATC/ATM includes the controlled airspace, traffic management and control facilities and equipment on the ground, space, and on board aircraft, and the ATC Controllers). They all provide capacity to handle demand consisting of the flights between origin and destination airports carried out by airline aircraft. The outcome from the interrelationships between demand and capacity at these components materializes as the quality of services. At airports and airlines this is generally expressed by congestion and delays of aircraft, air passengers, and freight/cargo shipments. At ATC/ATM, this is expressed by delays, horizontal and vertical in-efficiency, and safety of flights. Economics of each component relate to its revenues, costs, and profits from handling demand, i.e., providing services of given quality. The sustainability of air transport system has become increasingly important issue for many internal and external actors/stakeholders involved to deal with. This has implied increasing the system’s overall social-economic effects/benefits while reducing or maintaining constant impacts/costs on the environment and society at both global and regional/local scale under conditions of continuous medium- to long term growth.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780367632427
Publisher:	CRC Press
Publication date:	08/01/2022
Pages:	390
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Milan Janić (PhD) is the transport and traffic engineer and planner. At present, he is Research Professor at the University of Belgrade (Belgrade, Serbia) and Senior Adviser at the University of Maribor, Faculty of Logistics (Maribor, Slovenia). He was Senior Researcher and Leader of Research Programs at TUD (Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands), Manchester Metropolitan University (UK), Loughborough University (UK), and Institute of Transport of the Slovenian Railways (Slovenia).

Table of Contents

Preface iv

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Air Transport System 1

1.2 Airports 3

1.2.1 Demand, Capacity, and Quality of Services 3

1.2.2 Economics 5

1.3 Airlines 6

1.3.1 Demand, Capacity, and Quality of Services 6

1.3.2 Economics 10

1.4 ATC/ATM (Air Traffic Control/Management) 11

1.4.1 Demand, Capacity, and Quality of Services 11

1.4.2 Economics 14

1.5 Sustainability 14

1.5.1 General 14

1.5.2 Energy/Fuel Consumption and Emissions of GHG (Green House Gases) 15

1.5.3 Land Use 16

1.5.4 Congestion and Delays 18

1.5.5 Noise 19

1.5.6 Air Traffic Incidents/Accidents 20

1.5.7 Contribution to Social-Economic Welfare 21

1.6 Concluding Remarks 21

References 24

2 Airports 27

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 The System 28

2.2.1 General 28

2.2.2 Airside Area 29

2.2.3 Landside Area 32

2.2.4 Integrated Layout 38

2.2.5 Supporting Facilities and Equipment 41

2.2.6 Staff/Employees 42

2.3 Demand and Capacity 42

2.3.1 Demand 42

2.3.2 Modelling Demand 55

2.3.3 Capacity 68

2.4 Quality of Services 109

2.4.1 General 109

2.4.2 Airside Area 110

2.4.3 Landside Area 118

2.5 Economics 136

2.5.1 General 136

2.5.2 Airside and Landside Area 137

References 152

3 Airlines 158

3.1 Introduction 158

3.2 The System 161

3.2.1 Aircraft 161

3.2.2 Route Networks 163

3.2.3 Staff/Employees 165

3.2.4 Fuel 166

3.2.5 Slots 167

3.3 Demand and Capacity 168

3.3.1 Demand 168

3.3.2 Capacity 173

3.3.3 Modelling Demand and Capacity 181

3.4 Quality of Services 204

3.4.1 Dimensions of Quality of Services 204

3.4.2 Modelling Quality of Services 211

3.5 Economics 221

3.5.1 Components 221

3.5.2 Aircraft Costs 222

3.5.3 Airline Costs 226

3.5.4 Airline Profitability 230

3.5.5 Modelling Airline Economics 235

References 246

4 ATC/ATM (Air Traffic Control/Management) 249

4.1 Introduction 249

4.2 The System 249

4.2.1 Airspace 249

4.2.2 Technical/Technological Components 251

4.2.3 Staff/Employees 252

4.3 Demand and Capacity 252

4.3.1 Demand 252

4.3.2 Capacity 253

4.3.3 Modelling Demand and Capacity 253

4.4 Quality of Services 282

4.4.1 Description 282

4.4.2 Delays 282

4.4.3 En-Route Flight Efficiency 286

4.4.4 Safety 288

4.4.5 Measures for Improving Quality of Services 289

4.4.6 Modelling Quality of Services 291

4.5 Economics 306

4.5.1 Description 306

4.5.2 System 306

4.5.3 Modelling Economics 307

References 313

5 Sustainability of Air Transport System 316

5.1 Introduction 316

5.1.1 General 316

5.1.2 Sustainability at Global Scale 316

5.1.3 Sustainability at Regional/Local Scale 317

5.1.4 Actors/Stakeholders Involved, Their Objectives and Preferences 319

5.2 The System Performances 320

5.2.1 Categories 320

5.2.2 Indicator Systems 322

5.3 Modelling Performances 342

5.3.1 General 342

5.3.2 Characteristics of GHG (Green House Gases) 343

5.3.3 Impacts of GHG (Green House Gases) 345

5.3.4 Characteristics of Air Transport System 346

5.3.5 Methodology for Assessing GHG Potential of Air Transport Fuels 356

5.3.6 Application of Methodology 358

References 362

Summary 367

Index 369