Supported Metals In Catalysis (2nd Edition) / Edition 2

by James Arthur Anderson, Marcos Fernandez Garcia

Overview

With contributions from experts in supported metal catalysis from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in characterization and application of supported metals in heterogeneous catalysis. In addition to thorough and updated coverage of the traditional aspects of heterogeneous catalysis such as preparation, characterization and use in well-established technologies such as vehicle emission control, the book also includes emerging areas where supported metal catalysis will make significant contributions to future developments, such as fuel cells and fine chemicals synthesis.The second edition of Supported Metals in Catalysis comes complete with new and updated chapters containing important summaries of research in a rapidly evolving field. Very few other books deal with this highly pertinent subject matter and, as such, it is a must-have for anyone working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781848166776
Publisher:	Imperial College Press
Publication date:	12/29/2011
Series:	Catalytic Science Series , #11
Pages:	580
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.10(d)

Table of Contents

Preface to the first edition xi

Preface to the second edition xiii

Chapter 1 Preparation of Supported Metal Catalysts Guido Mul Jacob A. Moulijn 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 General Description of Preparation Methods 4

1.2.1 Impregnation 4

1.3 Case Studies 18

1.3.1 Impregnation: preparation of Pt catalysts, the effect of the pre-treatment conditions 19

1.3.2 Precipitation vs. impregnation by ion-exchange: Au precursors and the effect of the method of preparation and selected support on performance in selective epoxidation of propene over Au/TiO₂ catalysts 23

1.3.3 Co-precipitation: preparation of advanced CaCO₃ supported Ag catalysts 29

1.4 General Conclusions on the Preparation of Metal Catalysts 35

Chapter 2 Determination of Dispersion and Crystallite Sizes for Supported Metal Catalysts J. A. Anderson M. Fenández-García A. Martínez-Arias 41

2.1 Introduction 41

2.2 General Considerations 42

2.2.1 Physical methods 42

2.2.2 Chemical methods 49

Chapter 3 Imaging and Microanalysis of Supported Metal Catalysts in the Analytical Electron Microscope Andrew A. Herzing Christopher J. Kiely 81

3.1 Introduction 81

3.2 Electron-Specimen Interactions 82

3.3 Imaging Supported Metal Particles in the TEM 84

3.4 Imaging Supported Metal Nanoparticles in the STEM 94

3.5 Other Technical Developments 100

3.6 Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) for Catalyst Research 101

3.7 The Origin of Microanalytical Signals 101

3.8 X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) of Supported Metal Catalysts 103

3.9 Core-Loss Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) of Supported Metal Catalysts 111

3.10 Summary 117

Chapter 4 Characterization of Supported Metal Catalysts by Spectroscopic Techniques M. Fernández-García J. A. Anderson 121

4.1 Introduction 121

4.2 Main Properties of Monometallic Systems 122

4.3 Main Properties of Bimetallic Systems 125

4.4 In situ Characterization 129

4.4.1 X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies 129

4.4.2 Novel diffraction approaches 145

4.4.3 Vibrational spectroscopy 148

4.4.4 Valence and core photoelectron spectroscopies 159

4.4.5 Other techniques 163

Chapter 5 Supported Metal Catalysts for Fine Chemicals Synthesis R.P.K. Wells J.A. Anderson 177

5.1 Introduction 177

5.2 Selective Hydrogenation over Supported Metal Catalysts 178

5.2.1 Overview 178

5.2.2 Hydrogenation of buta-l,3-diene over non-modified metal catalysts 180

5.2.3 The Hydrogenation of buta-l,3-diene over modified metal catalysts 184

5.2.4 Hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes over non-modified metal catalysts 185

5.2.5 The hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes over modified metal catalysts 187

5.3 Selective Oxidation 191

5.3.1 Supported platinum-group metals 191

5.3.2 Supported gold and silver 193

5.3.3 Catalyst deactivation 195

5.4 Enantioselective Reactions 196

5.4.1 Enantioselective hydrogenation of activated ketones over supported platinum 197

5.4.2 Enantioselective hydrogenation over other supported metals 206

5.5 Conclusions 208

Chapter 6 Supported Gold in CO Oxidation, the Water-Gas Shift, and DeSOx Reactions Jose A. Rodriguez 217

6.1 Introduction 217

6.2 Oxidation of CO on Supported Gold Nanoparticles 218

6.3 Water-Gas Shift Reaction on Supported Gold Nanoparticles 224

6.4 Decomposition of SO₂, on Supported Gold Nanoparticles 236

6.5 Conclusion 241

Chapter 7 Recent Progress in Supported Metal-Catalysed CI Chemistry A. Guerrero-Ruiz I. Rodríguez-Ramos 247

7.1 Introduction 247

7.2 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 250

7.3 Methanol Production and Higher Alcohols from Syngas 265

7.4 Hydrogenation Reactions and Other Possibilities Aimed to Re-use CO₂ 274

7.5 Hydroformylation of Olefins with Synthesis Gas 279

7.6 Catalysed Reactions Involving CH₄ 282

7.7 CH₃OH to Hydrocarbons and to Other Intermediate Compounds 283

Chapter 8 Supported Metals in the Production of Hydrogen J.L.G. Fieno M.A. Peña M.C. Alvarez-Galvan 301

8.1 Introduction 301

8.2 Methane Conversion 302

8.2.1 Steam methane reforming 303

8.2.2 Methane decomposition 313

8.2.3 Partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane 329

8.3 Alcohol Conversion 349

8.3.1 Methanol 349

8.3.2 Ethanol oxidation 366

8.4 Conversion of Other Hydrocarbon Feeds 382

Chapter 9 Supported Metals for Application in Fuel Cells Sergio Rojas María Victoria Martínez-Huerta M.A. Peña 407

9.1 Introduction 407

9.2 Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction 411

9.3 H₂/CO Electrooxidation 415

9.3.1 Pt electrocatalysts 415

9.3.2 CO tolerant catalysts 418

9.4 Electrooxidation of Methanol 422

9.5 Electrooxidation of Ethanol 430

9.6 Oxygen Reduction Reaction 432

9.6.1 Reaction mechanism 434

9.6.2 Electrocatalysts for the ORR 437

9.7 Preparation of Carbon Supported. Platinum 447

9.7.1 Synthesis methods 448

9.7.2 Synthesis of bimetallic and ternary catalysts 451

9.8 Catalyst Supports 456

9.8.1 Carbon blacks 457

9.8.2 New carbon materials 467

9.9 Conclusions and Future Trends 470

Chapter 10 Supported Metals in Vehicle Emission Control A. Martínez-Arias Josí C. Conesa M. Fernández-García J. A. Anderson 493

10.1 Introduction 493

10.2 Emissions Produced at Stoichiometric Conditions 495

10.2.1 Classical TWC 495

10.2.2 Modern TWC 500

10.3 Lean-burn Emissions 511

10.3.1 Oxidation catalysts 512

10.3.2 Treatment of soot 514

10.3.3 Catalysts for selective reduction of NO_x with hydrocarbons 516

10.3.4 Catalysts for NH₃- or urea-SCR 532

10.4 Mixed Oscillating Emissions 534

10.4.1 NO_x storage and reduction catalysts 534

Index 553