Study Gods: How the New Chinese Elite Prepare for Global Competition

How privileged adolescents in China acquire status and why this helps them succeed

Study Gods offers a rare look at the ways privileged youth in China prepare themselves to join the ranks of the global elite. Yi-Lin Chiang shows how these competitive Chinese high schoolers first become “study gods” (xueshen), a term describing academically high-performing students. Constant studying, however, is not what explains their success, for these young people appear god-like in their effortless abilities to excel. Instead, Chiang explores how elite adolescents achieve by absorbing and implementing the rules surrounding status.

Drawing from eight years of fieldwork and extensive interviews, Chiang reveals the important lessons that Chinese youth learn in their pursuit of elite status. They understand the hierarchy of the status system, recognizing and acquiring the characteristics that are prized, while avoiding those that are not. They maintain status by expecting differential treatment and performing status-based behaviors, which guide their daily interactions with peers, teachers, and parents. Lastly, with the help of resourceful parents, they rely on external assistance in the face of potential obstacles and failures. Chiang looks at how students hone these skills, applying them as they head to colleges and careers around the world, and in their relationships with colleagues and supervisors.

Highlighting another facet of China’s rising power, Study Gods announces the arrival of a new generation to the realm of global competition.

"1140376324"
Study Gods: How the New Chinese Elite Prepare for Global Competition

How privileged adolescents in China acquire status and why this helps them succeed

Study Gods offers a rare look at the ways privileged youth in China prepare themselves to join the ranks of the global elite. Yi-Lin Chiang shows how these competitive Chinese high schoolers first become “study gods” (xueshen), a term describing academically high-performing students. Constant studying, however, is not what explains their success, for these young people appear god-like in their effortless abilities to excel. Instead, Chiang explores how elite adolescents achieve by absorbing and implementing the rules surrounding status.

Drawing from eight years of fieldwork and extensive interviews, Chiang reveals the important lessons that Chinese youth learn in their pursuit of elite status. They understand the hierarchy of the status system, recognizing and acquiring the characteristics that are prized, while avoiding those that are not. They maintain status by expecting differential treatment and performing status-based behaviors, which guide their daily interactions with peers, teachers, and parents. Lastly, with the help of resourceful parents, they rely on external assistance in the face of potential obstacles and failures. Chiang looks at how students hone these skills, applying them as they head to colleges and careers around the world, and in their relationships with colleagues and supervisors.

Highlighting another facet of China’s rising power, Study Gods announces the arrival of a new generation to the realm of global competition.

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Study Gods: How the New Chinese Elite Prepare for Global Competition

Study Gods: How the New Chinese Elite Prepare for Global Competition

by Yi-Lin Chiang
Study Gods: How the New Chinese Elite Prepare for Global Competition

Study Gods: How the New Chinese Elite Prepare for Global Competition

by Yi-Lin Chiang

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Overview

How privileged adolescents in China acquire status and why this helps them succeed

Study Gods offers a rare look at the ways privileged youth in China prepare themselves to join the ranks of the global elite. Yi-Lin Chiang shows how these competitive Chinese high schoolers first become “study gods” (xueshen), a term describing academically high-performing students. Constant studying, however, is not what explains their success, for these young people appear god-like in their effortless abilities to excel. Instead, Chiang explores how elite adolescents achieve by absorbing and implementing the rules surrounding status.

Drawing from eight years of fieldwork and extensive interviews, Chiang reveals the important lessons that Chinese youth learn in their pursuit of elite status. They understand the hierarchy of the status system, recognizing and acquiring the characteristics that are prized, while avoiding those that are not. They maintain status by expecting differential treatment and performing status-based behaviors, which guide their daily interactions with peers, teachers, and parents. Lastly, with the help of resourceful parents, they rely on external assistance in the face of potential obstacles and failures. Chiang looks at how students hone these skills, applying them as they head to colleges and careers around the world, and in their relationships with colleagues and supervisors.

Highlighting another facet of China’s rising power, Study Gods announces the arrival of a new generation to the realm of global competition.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691237190
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 08/23/2022
Series: Princeton Studies in Contemporary China , #15
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 288
File size: 2 MB

About the Author

Yi-Lin Chiang is assistant professor of sociology at National Chengchi University in Taiwan. Twitter @chiang_yilin Instagram @yilin.chiang

Table of Contents

List of Figures xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction 1

Elite Education and the Game of Status Reproduction 6

Lite Adolescent Elites from China 9

This Study 10

Organization of the Book 12

1 The New Elites from China 15

Training Grounds for the Future Elite: Top High Schools in Beijing 19

Pinnacle and Capital High Schools 20

Preparing for the Gaokao 24

Applying to Universities in the United States 31

Summary 37

2 Taking One's Place 38

The Chinese-Style Adolescent Status System 40

Navigating the High School Status System 45

Justifying the Status System 54

Beyond High School: Change and Continuity 59

Summary 67

3 Worshipping the Gods 68

Daily Interactions: General Friendliness and Peer Relationships 70

High Performers Enjoy Peer Adoration 78

Low Performers Do Nothing Right 83

Student Recognition of Differential Peer Treatment 89

Beyond High School: New Friends, Same Interactions 92

Summary 98

4 Hanging Teachers on the Blackboard 99

Daily Interactions: General Respect and Overall Entitlement 101

High Performers Deal with Teachers 108

Low Performers Follow Teacher Instructions 112

Making Sense of Student-Teacher Interactions 118

Teacher Reactions to Student Entitlement 121

Beyond High School: Job Performance Is the New Test Score 124

Summary 128

5 Grooming the New Elites 129

Creating a College-Focused Environment 131

High Performers Handle Their Parents 139

Low Performers Obey Parents' Orders 144

Parent Perspectives of Family Interactions 149

Beyond High School: Growing into Autonomous Young Adults 154

Summary 158

6 Saving the Day 159

Parents' Contingency Planning 161

Parents of High Performers Have a Winning Game Plan 166

Parents of Low Performers Fight an Uphill Battle 173

Beyond High School: Parental Involvement over Time 178

Summary 182

Conclusion 183

Global Elite Formation 185

Developments in the COVID-19 Pandemic 187

Limits of Global Elite Formation 189

Chinese and American Ways of Student Selection 192

What about Merit? 198

The New Generation of Elite from China 200

Appendix A Who Are the Elite? 203

Appendix B Methodological Reflections 207

Researcher's Role 209

Challenges in the Field 211

Readjusting to the Nonelite World 213

Notes 217

References 237

Index 253

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

“Beautifully written, vividly detailed, and hard to put down, Study Gods takes us on a fascinating journey into the test-centered world of selective Chinese high schools, where high-performing students have exalted status. Remarkably, Chiang followed these young people for several years as they moved through Ivy League colleges and into high-status jobs in Europe and the United States. Highly recommended!”—Annette Lareau, author of Unequal Childhoods

“Highly significant, Study Gods follows a group of socioeconomically elite students from China over several years. With nuanced discussions and drawing from interdisciplinary literature in sociology, education, and anthropology, this accessible work will appeal to readers interested in the rise of China.”—Yingyi Ma, author of Ambitious and Anxious

With conceptual clarity and rigorous analysis, this fascinating book unfolds the complex process through which adolescents of privileged parents in China strategically navigate the education systems to maximize their chances of achieving academic success and winning global competition. Chiang also dispels the myth of the ‘tiger mother,’ drawing attention to the paramount importance of social class in shaping values, norms, practices, and socioeconomic outcomes.”—Min Zhou, coauthor of The Asian American Achievement Paradox

“This highly engaging and beautifully written book offers a rich analysis of the lives, perspectives, and experiences of the ‘study gods.’ Chiang’s holistic, longitudinal approach provides a deep understanding of the world’s most academically and socioeconomically elite Chinese students.”—Vanessa Fong, Amherst College

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