Steroids and Doping in Sports: A Reference Handbook, 2nd Edition

by David E. Newton

Overview

Now in its second edition, this book provides readers, with updated critical and objective information about steroids and doping in sports. The first two chapters deal with the history and background of steroids and doping in sports in addition to current problems, controversies, and possible solutions. Additionally, they provide readers with the background to understand the nature of the problems involving steroid use and doping in sports in the United States and worldwide.

New to this edition is the Perspectives chapter. Composed of diverse voices, this chapter allows readers to gain insight from scholars, athletes, journalists, and others who have a stake in the issues. Remaining chapters provide a variety of research tools, such as primary documents and biographical profiles, for readers to use in continuing their research. Other resources include a chronology, a glossary, and an extensive annotated bibliography.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781440854828
Publisher:	ABC-CLIO, Incorporated
Publication date:	04/04/2018
Series:	Contemporary World Issues
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	354
File size:	5 MB

About the Author

David E. Newton holds a BA in chemistry, an MA in education from the University of Michigan, and an EdD in science education from Harvard University.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii

1 Background and History 3

The History of Performance-Enhancing Drugs 4

Doping in the Modern Era 7

Testosterone 10

The Early Years 10

The Search for Testosterone 14

What Is Testosterone? 17

Derivatives of Testosterone 17

How Testosterone Works in the Human Body 20

Effects of Anabolic Steroids on the Human Body 25

Therapeutic Uses of Anabolic Steroids 31

Risks Associated with the Use of Anabolic Steroids 32

Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drug Use 36

Prevalence of Anabolic Steroid Use 38

References 43

2 Problems, Issues, and Solutions 55

Doping in Athletic Competition, 1950-1970 56

Banning the Use of Anabolic Steroids 62

Testing Methodology 73

Problems Associated with Testing 79

"Beating the Game," 81

The 1970s: Doping Gone Wild 86

The Great Breakthrough: The 1980s 91

The 1990s: Steroid Use Ne Plus Ultra 96

The BALCO Scandal 97

2012: The Dam Bursts 99

Doping in Horse Racing 104

Should Steroid Use Be Legal? 107

References 111

3 Perspectives 129

Introduction 129

Steroid Abuse and Body Image Mark L. Fuerst 129

Competing Motives in Sports Doping Dean A. Haycock 132

Therapeutic Use Exemptions in Sport Jon Heshka 136

Cheating with Drugs in Thoroughbred Racing Barry Irwin 140

The Problematic Character of the Case for Regulation of Steroids Lewis Kurlantzick 144

An Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy for Transsexual Patients Jessica Sideways 150

The Politicization of Doping in Sports Rick Sterling 153

Drug Testing High School Athletes and Fitness Trainers Katinka van de Ven Kyle Mulrooney 159

4 Profiles 165

Introduction 165

Patrick Arnold (1966-) 165

Joe Biden (1942-) 168

Barry Bonds (1964-) 170

Charles Brown-Séquard (1817-1894) 173

Adolf Butenandt (1903-1995) 176

Jose Canseco (1964-) 178

Don Cadin (1938-) 180

Victor Conte (1950-) 183

Daniel Duchaine (1952-2000) 185

International Association of Athletics Foundation 188

Charles Kochakian (1908-1999) 190

Floyd Landis (1975-) 193

Ernst Laqueur (1880-1947) 196

George J. Mitchell (1933-) 199

National Institute on Drug Abuse 202

Dick Pound (1942-) 204

Grigory Rodchenkov (1958-) 207

Leopold Ruzicka (1887-1976) 208

Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-) 211

The Taylor Hooton Foundation 214

United States Anti-Doping Agency 215

The World Anti-Doping Agency 217

John Ziegler (ca. 1920-1983) 220

5 Data and Documents 225

Introduction 225

Data 225

Table 5.1 Percentage of High School Students Who Ever Took Steroids without a Doctor's Prescription, by Race/Ethnicity and Grade 225

Table 5.2 Perceived Harmfulness of Steroids among 12th Grade U.S. Students, 1989-2015 (Percentages) 226

Table 5.3 Disapproval of Steroid Use, among 12th Grade U.S. Students, 1990-2015 (Percentages) 227

Table 5.4 Availability of Steroids, According to U.S. 12th Graders, 1991-2015 (Percentage of Respondents Indicating Availability) 227

Table 5.5 Total Anti-Doping Rule Violations, All Sports, 2013 228

Documents 229

Drug Misuse: Anabolic Steroids and Human Growth Hormone (1989) 229

Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 231

H.R.3866-Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 233

Anabolic Steroids Are Easily Purchased without a Prescription and Present Significant Challenges to Law Enforcement Officials (2005) 234

Clean Sports Act of 2005 237

Mitchell Report (2007) 239

Effectiveness of Federal Anabolic Steroid Prevention Programs (2007) 241

United States of America v. Marion Jones (2007) 243

Mandatory Steroid Testing for High School Students in New Jersey (2007) 245

Anabolic Steroid Ban on Horse Racing in Kentucky (2008) 247

UCI v. Alberto Contador Velasco & RFEC and Wada v. Alberto Contador Velasco & RFEC (2012) 249

Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014 252

World Anti-Doping Program (2015) 256

McLaren's Independent Investigation Reports (2016) 259

6 Resources 263

Introduction 263

Books 263

Articles 271

Reports 283

Internet 286

7 Chronology 307

Glossary 319

Index 325

About the Author 353

Editorial Reviews

Steroids and Doping in Sports provides readers with an advanced understanding of steroid use in a reader friendly format. . . . Recommended.” —ARBA

From the Publisher