Table of Contents
Series Foreword ix
Introduction xi
Section I Overview and Historical Background 1
1 Basics of Biochemistry' and Steroids 3
Steroids and Hormones in Human Physiology 4
Overview of Steroid Chemistry 8
Nonhormone Steroids 12
Hormone Steroids 17
Conclusion 28
2 Historical Background of Therapeutic Steroids 29
Of Magic, Holistic Remedy, and Other Prescientific Approaches to Medicine 30
Of Science, Technology, and Social Engineering 35
Steroids, Synthetics, and the Biochemical Revolution 37
Pills, Drugs, and the Chemical Culture 41
Conclusion 48
3 Historical Background of Performance-Enhancing Steroids 51
The Male Hormone 52
A Parallel History of Ergogenic Aids in Competitive Sports 58
Testosterone as a Scientific Edge in Competition 61
Public Reaction 65
The Race between Evasion and Detection: Testosterone, Blood Doping, hGH, and Designer Steroids 70
The Will to Police: WADA Regulations and Legal Prohibitions 75
Conclusion 80
Section II Contemporary Issues and Debates 89
4 Individual Decision Making for Anabolic and Catabolic Steroids 91
Why Individual Rights in Medical Decision Making? 92
Influence of Health Care Insurance 94
Marketing Pressure from Pharmaceutical Industrial Complex 98
Others Factors Limiting Individual Decision Making 103
Conclusion 109
5 Public Reaction, Regulation, and Control 111
Limitations to Individual Decision Making 113
Triggers of Government Involvement 114
Arguments for and against Legality of Anabolic Steroids for Nontherapeutic Uses 124
Federal Issues 129
Conclusion 131
6 Anti-Doping within Organizations 135
The Role of Associations in Identifying Cultural Priorities 137
The Ideology behind Anti-Doping Policies 138
The Influence of Sports as an Entertainment Industry 145
WADA and USADA-The Search for Independence 149
Professional Sports Associations 152
Collegiate and High School Associations 154
Other Non-Sports-Related Associations 162
Conclusion 172
Section III Primary Documents 175
A Scientific Accounts of Anabolic and Catabolic Steroids 177
Excerpt from C.E. Brown-Sequard, The Elixir of Life 177
Adolf Windaus, "Constitution of Sterols and Their
Connection with Other Substances Occurring in Nature" 181
Paul de Kruif, The Male Hormone 184
B Documents Related to Legal Sanctions 189
Controlled Substances Act 189
Abuse of Anabolic Steroids and Their Precursors by Adolescent Amateur Athletes 193
C Anti-Doping Policies from Associations 197
International Amateur Athletic Federation 197
Olympic Movement Medical Code 198
2012-2013 NCAA List of Banned Drugs 199
University Interscholastic League (UIL) Anti-Doping Contract 200
University Interscholastic League (UIL) Steroids Testing Site Coordinator Manual 202
Timeline for Steroid-Related Issues (Anabolic and Catabolic) 207
Glossary 213
Further Reading 221
Index 225
