Table of Contents
List of figures, tables and boxes vii
Notes on contributors viii
Acknowledgements xiii
Preface xiv
1 Introduction Christopher Durkin Robert Gunn 1
Chapter descriptions 1
Part 1 Skills in policy analysis 5
2 The place of social enterprise in UK contemporary policy Ian Buchanan 7
Introduction: history and context 7
Parameters of third sector activity and social enterprises 8
The Influence of policy on social enterprises 8
Market influence on the development of social enterprises 10
The future and sustainability of social enterprises 13
Conclusion 16
3 A changing context Christopher Durkin 19
Social impact measurement 21
4 What do we mean by 'social enterprise'? Defining social entrepreneurship Gladius Kulothungan 23
Introduction 23
The backdrop of capitalism 23
Why social enterprises? 24
Situating social enterprises 25
Defining social enterprises 26
Broad and narrow definitions 26
Recognising opportunities 28
The idea of social innovation 28
Social enterprises as hybrid organisations 29
Characteristics of social enterprises 29
Emergence of social enterprises 30
Conclusion 30
Part 2 Skills for social entrepreneurship 33
5 Identifying need Richard Bryant 35
Introduction 35
Defining need 35
Identifying community need 39
Skills for identifying need 45
Conclusion 47
6 Stakeholder participation and involvement in social enterprises Christopher Durkin Robert Gunn 51
Introduction 51
Social policy context 52
Where do social enterprises fit within this changing landscape? 55
Stakeholder participation and involvement 57
Power 59
Conclusion 61
7 Design thinking for social innovation Mik Pieniazek 65
Design thinking as a discursive exploration for creative solutions 65
Design thinking as a participatory community of innovation 65
Design thinking as a contextual inquiry 66
Design thinking as a means of understanding the context of social innovation 67
Design thinking as a creative synergy 67
Design thinking process 68
Design thinking as a future resource 69
8 The financing of social enterprise Wray Irwin 71
Introduction 71
Background 72
The funding gap 75
Conclusion 81
9 Financial planning for social enterprises Andrew Ferguson 83
It's good to plan 83
Income forecast 84
Income statement 87
Cash flow forecast 89
Managing financial risk 91
Conclusion 93
10 The challenges and risks of innovation in social entrepreneurship Tim Curtis 95
Introduction 95
Conceptualising innovation and its ethics 96
Analysing for innovation: systems skills 101
Implementing innovation: mind-set shifts 105
Conclusion 107
11 Leadership and management skills development in social enterprises Jon Griffith 111
Introduction 111
Leadership and management skills 112
Leadership and management in different types of organisations 113
The distinctive leadership and management tasks in social enterprises 114
Stages of growth in organisations 115
How are leadership and management skills developed? 117
Social enterprises: a special case? 118
Developing skills for leading and managing social enterprises 120
Conclusion 121
12 Developing social impact measurement for social enterprise Richard Hazenberg Jim Clifford 125
Overview 125
Defining social impact and measurement 126
CECES and the development of a common framework 127
Moving beyond GECES: the Ten-point Code for Social Impact Measurement 128
Part 3 Skills in practice 133
13 UK case study Mandy Young 135
Introduction 135
Development of an idea 135
Birth of the initial project: Corby Wheels 136
Developing an indoor arena 136
Developing a social enterprise 138
Social impact 140
Marketing the organisation 141
Private sector involvement 142
'Challenge the Alley' 142
Conclusion: the future 143
14 China case study Marie Tze Kwan So Carol Chyau 145
Introduction 145
Ventures in Development: an introduction 147
Case study 1 Met Xiang yak cheese 149
Case study 2 Shokay 152
Conclusion: envisioning the future 157
15 India case study Stan Thekaekara 159
Introduction 159
So what works best? 161
Just Change: a case study 162
Just Change: the theoretical framework 165
Operational framework 168
Conclusion: what the future holds 171
16 Japan case study Takashi Yamamoto 173
Introduction 173
Social trends in Japan 173
Japanese social enterprise 173
A regional strategy for social enterprises 174
Introducing Impact Hub Kyoto 175
17 Malaysia case study Shariha Khalid Christoffer Erichsen 177
Background: the challenge 177
A public-private-people partnership for impact: the solution 177
Everything is possible: the learning 181
18 Conclusion Christopher Durkin Robert Gunn 183
Skills for policy analysis 184
Skills for social entrepreneurship 184
Skills in practice 185
Appendix: Internet resources 187
Index 195
