| Preface | xii |
| Acknowledgements | xiii |
| Introduction | xiv |
| Chapter 1 | Historical Background | 1 |
| 1-0 | Prelude | 1 |
| 1-1 | Naval Adoption of Electromagnetics | 2 |
| 1-2 | Early Attempts to Reduce Wireless Interference | 6 |
| 1-3 | From RFI to EMI | 7 |
| 1-3.1 | World War II Naval Electronics and RFI | 7 |
| 1-3.2 | Postwar Efforts | 8 |
| 1-3.3 | EMC and the Vietnam War Period | 9 |
| 1-4 | The Modern Era | 12 |
| 1-4.1 | Emerging Management Interests | 12 |
| 1-4.2 | Establishment of TESSAC | 13 |
| 1-4.3 | Implementation of EMC Management | 15 |
| 1-4.4 | Rising Interest in EMP | 17 |
| 1-4.5 | The Current Status | 17 |
| 1-5 | Conclusion | 19 |
| Chapter 2 | The Shipboard Electromagnetic Environment (EME) | 23 |
| 2-0 | The Tangible Environment | 23 |
| 2-1 | The Composite RF Energy Environment | 25 |
| 2-2 | Effects of the Shipboard EME | 25 |
| 2-3 | EME Control Techniques | 27 |
| 2-4 | Predicting the Shipboard EME | 28 |
| 2-4.1 | Derivation of the Projected EME | 30 |
| 2-4.2 | EME Definition Guidance | 31 |
| Chapter 3 | Shipboard Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) | 33 |
| 3-0 | Defining EMC | 33 |
| 3-1 | Implementing EMC Measures | 34 |
| 3-1.1 | The EMC Program Plan | 34 |
| 3-1.1.1 | Frequency Spectrum Management | 35 |
| 3-1.1.2 | The EMCAB | 36 |
| 3-1.1.3 | The EMI Control Plan | 38 |
| 3-1.2 | EMC Test and Evaluation | 39 |
| 3-1.3 | EMC Configuration Management | 40 |
| 3-1.4 | EMC Training and Awareness | 41 |
| Chapter 4 | Shipboard Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) | 45 |
| 4-0 | The Shipboard EMI Problem | 45 |
| 4-1 | Sources of Shipboard EMI | 45 |
| 4-1.1 | Natural Sources of Shipboard EMI | 47 |
| 4-1.2 | Man-Made Sources of Shipboard EMI | 47 |
| 4-2 | Shipboard EMI Control | 57 |
| 4-2.1 | Shielding Techniques | 58 |
| 4-2.1.1 | Shielding Theory | 58 |
| 4-2.1.2 | Shielding Methods and Materials | 68 |
| 4-2.2 | Grounding and Bonding Techniques | 104 |
| 4-2.2.1 | General Definitions | 104 |
| 4-2.2.2 | Bonding Classifications | 105 |
| 4-2.2.3 | Grounding Requirements | 108 |
| 4-2.2.4 | RF Bonding Procedures for EMI Control | 121 |
| 4-2.3 | Nonmetallic Topside Material Techniques | 131 |
| 4-2.4 | EMI Filtering Techniques | 140 |
| 4-2.4.1 | Filter Classification and Characteristics | 142 |
| 4-2.4.2 | Shipboard Filter Applications | 143 |
| 4-2.4.3 | Filter Installation Precautions | 147 |
| 4-2.5 | EMI Blanking Techniques | 148 |
| 4-2.6 | Topside Systems Arrangement Techniques | 150 |
| 4-2.6.1 | Antenna Interference Characteristics | 151 |
| 4-2.6.2 | Preliminary Antenna Arrangement Considerations | 152 |
| 4-2.6.3 | The Topside Systems Design Team | 153 |
| 4-2.6.4 | HF Antenna System Integration | 154 |
| 4-2.6.5 | EMC Considerations | 160 |
| 4-2.6.6 | Candidate Antenna Systems Arrangements | 162 |
| 4-2.6.7 | Post-Design Phase | 162 |
| 4-2.7 | Tempest Electromagnetics | 163 |
| Chapter 5 | Shipboard Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (EMR) | 167 |
| 5-0 | The Radiation Hazards Problem In General | 167 |
| 5-1 | Biological Effects of Radiation | 168 |
| 5-2 | Shipboard Hazards of Electronmagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP) | 170 |
| 5-2.1 | Origin of Radiation Exposure Limits | 171 |
| 5-2.2 | Emergence of Modern Radiation Exposure Standards | 171 |
| 5-2.3 | Shipboard Permissible Exposure Criteria | 172 |
| 5-2.4 | Shipboard EMR Hazards Protection Techniques | 175 |
| 5-2.4.1 | Ship Design Criteria to Control EMR Hazards | 177 |
| 5-2.4.2 | EMR Hazards Measurements and Analysis | 179 |
| 5-3 | Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF) | 192 |
| 5-3.1 | The Nature of HERF Combustion | 193 |
| 5-3.2 | Shipboard Fueling Precautions | 194 |
| 5-4 | Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) | 196 |
| 5-4.1 | HERO Classifications | 196 |
| 5-4.2 | HERO Controls in Port and Territorial Seas | 197 |
| 5-4.3 | Shipboard HERO Controls | 197 |
| 5-4.4 | Shipboard HERO Surveys | 201 |
| Chapter 6 | Shipboard Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) | 205 |
| 6-0 | Preparation for an Eventuality | 205 |
| 6-1 | EMP Characteristics | 206 |
| 6-1.1 | High-Altitude EMP Generation | 207 |
| 6-1.2 | High-Altitude EMP Electrical Properties | 211 |
| 6-2 | Shipboard EMP Damage Effects | 213 |
| 6-3 | Shipboard EMP Hardening Techniques | 216 |
| 6-3.1 | EMP Shielding and Grounding | 217 |
| 6-3.1.1 | Cable Shielding Requirements | 218 |
| 6-3.1.2 | Waveguides, Pipes, and Metal Tubes Grounding | 221 |
| 6-3.2 | Circuit Protection Devices | 221 |
| 6-4 | EMP Testing and Modeling | 227 |
| 6-4.1 | EMPRESS Testing | 228 |
| 6-4.2 | EMP Modeling | 230 |
| 6-4.2.1 | EMPAL Analysis Process | 230 |
| 6-4.2.2 | Scale Modeling Process | 232 |
| Chapter 7 | Shipboard Electromagnetic Assessment (EMA) | 235 |
| 7-0 | The Need for Predictive Analysis | 235 |
| 7-1 | Predictive Analysis Techniques | 236 |
| 7-2 | Electromagnetic Assessment Modeling | 238 |
| 7-2.1 | SEMCAC Modeling | 240 |
| 7-2.2 | SEMCAM Modeling | 240 |
| 7-2.3 | TDM Performance Assessments | 241 |
| 7-2.3.1 | TDM Geometry | 242 |
| 7-2.3.2 | TDM Omnidirectional Antenna Performance Evaluation | 244 |
| 7-2.3.3 | TDM Directive Antenna Performance Evaluation | 248 |
| 7-2.3.4 | Shipboard EM Assessment Summary | 250 |
| Glossary | 255 |
| Bibliography | 257 |
| Index | 259 |
