Semiconductor Lasers: Stability, Instability and Chaos / Edition 4 available in Hardcover, Paperback, eBook
Semiconductor Lasers: Stability, Instability and Chaos / Edition 4
- ISBN-10:
- 331985836X
- ISBN-13:
- 9783319858364
- Pub. Date:
- 07/27/2018
- Publisher:
- Springer International Publishing
- ISBN-10:
- 331985836X
- ISBN-13:
- 9783319858364
- Pub. Date:
- 07/27/2018
- Publisher:
- Springer International Publishing
Semiconductor Lasers: Stability, Instability and Chaos / Edition 4
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$279.99Overview
Semiconductor lasers with new structures, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and broad-area semiconductor lasers, are intriguing and promising devices. Current topics include fast physical number generation using chaotic semiconductor lasers for secure communication, development of chaos, quantum-dot semiconductor lasers and quantum-cascade semiconductor lasers, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
This fourth edition has been significantly expanded to reflect the latest developments. The fundamental theory oflaser chaos and the chaotic dynamics in semiconductor lasers are discussed, but also for example the method of self-mixing interferometry in quantum-cascade lasers, which is indispensable in practical applications.
Further, this edition covers chaos synchronization between two lasers and the application to secure optical communications. Another new topic is the consistency and synchronization property of many coupled semiconductor lasers in connection with the analogy of the dynamics between synaptic neurons and chaotic semiconductor lasers, which are compatible nonlinear dynamic elements. In particular, zero-lag synchronization between distant neurons plays a crucial role for information processing in the brain. Lastly, the book presents an application of the consistency and synchronization property in chaotic semiconductor lasers, namely a type of neuro-inspired information processing referred to as reservoir computing.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9783319858364 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Springer International Publishing |
Publication date: | 07/27/2018 |
Series: | Springer Series in Optical Sciences , #111 |
Edition description: | Softcover reprint of the original 4th ed. 2017 |
Pages: | 666 |
Product dimensions: | 6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x (d) |
About the Author
Prof. Ohtsubo is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America and a member of IEEE, SPIE, ASP, the Japanese Society of Applied Physics, the Optical Society of Japan, and the LaserSociety of Japan.
Table of Contents
Introduction 1Chaos and Lasers 1
Historical Perspectives of Chaos in Semiconductor Lasers 3
Outline of This Book 6
Chaos in Laser Systems 11
Laser Model and Bloch Equations 11
Laser Model in a Ring Resonator 11
Light Emission and Absorption in Two-Level Atoms 13
Maxwell-Bloch Equations 14
Lorenz-Haken Equations 15
Lorenz-Haken Equations 15
First Laser Threshold 16
Second Laser Threshold 18
Classifications of Lasers 20
Classes of Lasers 20
Class C Lasers 20
Class B Lasers 23
Class A Lasers 24
Semiconductor Lasers and Theory 25
Semiconductor Lasers 25
Oscillation Conditions of Semiconductor Lasers 26
Laser Oscillation Conditions 26
Laser Oscillation Frequency 28
Dependence of Oscillation Frequency on Carrier Density 29
Derivation of Rate Equations 29
Gain at Laser Oscillation 29
Rate Equation for the Field 30
Linewidth Enhancement Factor 32
Laser Rate Equations 33
Linear Stability Analysis and Relaxation Oscillation 37
Linear Stability Analysis 37
Relaxation Oscillation 38
Langevin Noises 40
Rate Equations Including Langevin Noises 40
Langevin Noises 41
Noise Spectrum 43
Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) 43
Phase Noise and Spectral Linewidth 44
Modulation Characteristics 47
Injection Current Modulation 47
Intensity Modulation Characteristics 48
Phase Modulation Characteristics 50
Waveguide Models of Semiconductor Lasers 51
Index- and Gain-Guided Structures 51
Waveguide Models 53
Spatial Modes of Gain- and Index-Guided Lasers 54
Effects of Spontaneous Emission in Gain- and Index-Guided Lasers 56
Laser Types 58
Theory of Optical Feedback in Semiconductor Lasers 63
Theory of Optical Feedback 63
Optical Feedback Effects and Classifications of Optical Feedback Phenomena 63
Theoretical Model 66
Linear Stability Analysis for Optical Feedback Systems 68
Linear Stability Analysis 68
Linear Mode, and Stability and Instability in Semiconductor Lasers 73
Gain Reduction Due to Optical Feedback 75
Linewidth in the Presence of Optical Feedback 76
Feedback from a Grating Mirror 77
Phase-Conjugate Feedback 79
Incoherent Feedback and Polarization-Rotated Optical Feedback 82
Incoherent Feedback 82
Polarization-Rotated Optical Feedback 83
Filtered Feedback 85
Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback 87
Optical Feedback from a Conventional Reflector 87
Optical Feedback Effects 87
Potential Model in Feedback Induced Instability 88
Optical Spectrum in Stable and Unstable Feedback Regimes 90
Chaos in Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback 93
Chaotic Bifurcations 95
Dynamics for Injection Current Variations 96
Dependence of Chaotic Dynamics on the External Mirror Position 101
Periodic Stability Enhancement for Variations of the External Cavity Length 101
Origin of Periodic Stability Enhancement 103
Effects of Linewidth Enhancement Factor 105
Sensitivity of the Optical Phase 107
Chaotic Dynamics for a Small Change of the External Cavity Length 109
Low-Frequency Fluctuations (LFFs) 112
Low-Frequency Fluctuation Phenomena 112
LFF Characteristics 115
Origin of LFFs 117
Chaotic Dynamics in Short External Cavity Limit 120
Stable and Unstable Conditions in Short External Cavity 120
Regular Pulse Package Oscillations in Short External Cavity 122
Bifurcations of Regular Pulse Package 124
Dynamics in Semiconductor Lasers with Grating Mirror Feedback 126
Dynamics in Semiconductor Lasers with Phase-Conjugate Mirror Feedback 129
Linear Stability Analysis 129
Dynamics Induced by Phase-Conjugate Feedback 131
Dynamics in the Presence of Frequency Detuning 132
Finite and Slow Response Phase-Conjugate Feedback 132
Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers with Incoherent Optical Feedback 134
Dynamics of Incoherent Optical Feedback 134
Dynamics of Polarization-Rotated Optical Feedback 138
Dynamics of Filtered Optical Feedback 140
Filtered Optical Feedback 140
External Cavity Modes 142
Frequency Oscillations and Chaotic Dynamics 144
Dynamics in Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Injection 147
Optical Injection 147
Optical Injection Locking 147
Injection Locking Condition 150
Stability and Instability in Optical Injection Systems 152
Rate Equations 152
Chaotic Bifurcations by Optical Injection 153
Chaos Map in the Phase Space of Frequency Detuning and Injection 157
Coexistence of Chaotic Attractors in Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers 161
Enhancement of Modulation Bandwidth and Generation of High Frequency Chaotic Oscillation by Strong Optical Injection 164
Enhancement of Modulation Bandwidth by Strong Optical Injection 164
Origin of Modulation Bandwidth Enhancement 168
Modulation Response by Strong Optical Injection 170
Suppression of Frequency Chirping by Strong Optical Injection 172
Generation of High Frequency Chaotic Oscillation by Strong Optical Injection 174
Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optoelectronic Feedback and Modulation 177
Theory of Optoelectronic Feedback 177
Optoelectronic Feedback Systems 177
Pulsation Oscillations in Optoelectronic Feedback Systems 179
Linear Stability Analysis for Optoelectronic Feedback Systems 182
Linear Stability Analysis 182
Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optoelectronic Feedback 185
Dynamics and Chaos in Semiconductor Lasers with Optoelectronic Feedback 187
Chaotic Dynamics in Negative Optoelectronic Feedback 187
Chaotic Dynamics in Positive Optoelectronic Feedback 189
Optoelectronic Feedback with Wavelength Filter 193
System of Optoelectronic Feedback with Wavelength Filter 193
Dynamics of Optoelectronic Feedback with Wavelength Filter 195
Chaotic Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers Induced by Injection Current Modulation 198
Instabilities of a Modulated Semiconductor Laser 198
Linear Stability Analysis 200
Chaotic Dynamics in Modulated Semiconductor Lasers 204
Nonlinear Dynamics of Various Combinations of External Perturbations 206
Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser Subject to Optoelectronic Feedback 206
Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback and Modulation 209
Instability and Chaos in Various Laser Structures 213
Multimode Lasers 213
Multimode Operation of Semiconductor Lasers 213
Theoretical Model of Multimode Lasers 214
Dynamics of Multimode Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback 217
Self-Pulsating Lasers 220
Theory of Self-Pulsating Lasers 220
Instabilities at Solitary Oscillations 223
Instability and Chaos by Optical Feedback 227
Instability and Chaos by Injection Current Modulation 230
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) 232
Theoretical Model of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers 232
Spin-Flip Model 235
Characteristics of VCSELs in Solitary Oscillations 239
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics in VCSELs 242
Feedback Effects in VCSELs 245
Short Optical Feedback in VCSELs 250
Orthogonal Optical Injection Dynamics in VCSEL 252
Broad Area Lasers 255
Theoretical Model of Broad Area Lasers 255
Dynamics of Broad Area Semiconductor Lasers at Solitary Oscillations 258
Feedback Effects in Broad Area Semiconductor Lasers 264
Laser Arrays 266
Chaos Control and Applications 269
General Methods of Chaos Control 269
OGY Method 269
Continuous Control Method 270
Occasional Proportional Method 271
Sinusoidal Modulation Method 272
Chaos Control in Semiconductor Lasers 273
Continuous Control 273
Occasional Proportional Feedback Control 275
Sinusoidal Modulation Control 276
Optical Control 279
Controlling Chaos and Noise Suppression 282
Noise Suppression by Sinusoidal Modulation 282
Stability and Instability of LFFs by Injection Current Modulation 286
Chaos Targeting 288
Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers 291
Linewidth Narrowing by Optical Feedback 291
Linewidth Narrowing by Strong Optical Feedback 291
Linewidth Narrowing by Grating Feedback 294
Linewidth Narrowing by Phase-Conjugate Optical Feedback 295
Linewidth Narrowing by Resonant Optical Feedback 299
Linewidth Narrowing by Optoelectronic Feedback 301
Stabilization in Lasers with Various Structures 304
Noise Suppression in Self-Pulsation Semiconductor Laser 304
Stabilization of VCSELs 305
Stabilization of Broad-Area Semiconductor Lasers 308
Stabilization of Laser Arrays 312
Controls in Nobel Structure Lasers 313
Photonic VCSELs 313
Quantum-Dot Broad-Area Semiconductor Lasers 315
Stability and Bistability in Feedback Interferometers, and Their Applications 319
Optical Feedback Interferometers 319
Bistability and Multistability in Feedback Interferometers 319
Interferometric Measurement in Self-Mixing Semiconductor Lasers 323
Applications in Feedback Interferometer 325
Displacement and Vibration Measurement 325
Velocity Measurement 328
Absolute Position Measurement 329
Angle Measurement 330
Measurement of Linewidth and Linewidth Enhancement Factor 332
Active Feedback Interferometer 334
Stability and Bistability in Active Feedback Interferometer 334
Chaos Control in Active Feedback Interferometers 338
Chaos Synchronization in Semiconductor Lasers 341
Concept of Chaos Synchronization 341
Chaos Synchronization 341
Generalized and Complete Chaos Synchronization 344
Theory of Chaos Synchronization in Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback 347
Model of Synchronization Systems 347
Rate Equations in Unidirectional Coupling Systems 349
Generalized Chaos Synchronization 350
Complete Chaos Synchronization 351
Mutual Coupling Systems 351
Chaos Synchronization in Semiconductor Lasers with an Optical Feedback System 353
Chaos Synchronization - Numerical Examples 353
Chaos Synchronization - Experimental Examples 357
Anticipating Chaos Synchronization 359
Bandwidth Enhanced Chaos Synchronization 360
Incoherent Synchronization Systems 362
Polarization Rotated Chaos Synchronization 364
Chaos Synchronization in Injected Lasers 367
Theory of Chaos Synchronization in Injected Lasers 367
Examples of Chaos Synchronization in Injected Lasers 369
Chaos Synchronization in Optoelectronic Feedback Systems 370
Theory of Chaos Synchronization in Optoelectronic Feedback Systems 370
Examples of Chaos Synchronization in Optoelectronic Feedback Systems 372
Chaos Synchronization in Injection Current Modulated Systems 373
Chaos Synchronization in Mutually Coupled Lasers 374
Chaos Synchronization of Semiconductor Lasers with Mutual Optical Coupling 374
Chaos Synchronization of Semiconductor Lasers with Mutual Optoelectronic Coupling 375
Chaotic Communications in Semiconductor Lasers 379
Message Encryption in a Chaotic Carrier and Its Decryption 379
Chaotic Communications 379
Chaos Masking 381
Chaos Modulation 383
Chaos Shift Keying 383
Chaotic Data Communications in Laser Systems 384
Cryptographic Applications in Optical Feedback Systems 385
Chaotic Communications in Optical Feedback Systems 385
Chaos Masking in Optical Feedback Systems 388
Chaos Modulation in Optical Feedback Systems 393
Chaos Shift Keying in Optical Feedback Systems 394
Chaotic Communications in Incoherent Optical Feedback Systems 396
Chaos Pass Filtering Effects 396
Cryptographic Applications in Optical Injection Systems 399
Cryptographic Applications in Optoelectonic Systems 401
Performance of Chaotic Communications 404
Security of Chaotic Communications 408
Chaotic Carrier and Bandwidth of Communications 410
Chaos Communications in the Real World 412
Chaos Masking Video Signal Transmissions 412
Chaotic Signal Transmissions through Public Data Link 414
Appendix: Chaos 419
Nonlinear Chaotic Systems 420
Discrete Systems 420
Continuous Systems 422
Delay Differential Systems 424
Analysis and Characteristic Descriptions for Chaotic Data 425
Phase Space, Attractor, and Poincare Map 425
Steady State Behaviors 427
Fractal Dimension and Correlation Dimension 430
Lyapunov Exponent 431
Chaos Control 432
Chaos Synchronization 437
References 441
Index 469